This is a highly likely reason for the importance of the 5.5/7/7.77 square/circle series, linking the various cos# values perfectly as it does. Having noted the perimeter of a square of side 11/radius 5.5 = 44, it follows that the equal circle of 7 radius/ 14 diameter also has circumference of 44;
7 x 2 x π (as 22/7) = 44.

And for the inner circle, with radius equal to the Sq. of 5.5,
11 x π = 34.56 circumference (and 11.0033 x π = 34.5678 864!)

While as the diagram shows, a triangle (ABC) of 5.5 units height (AC) and 7 units hypotenuse (AB) has a 4.33 base… (BC) – a remarkable result !

We can also see that a circle of 34.56 circumference is equal to a square of equal Perimeter; with the length/diameter of each side therefore 8.64 units, and the perimeter line’s ‘radius’ = 4.32 units.

So this apparently ‘conceptual value, of 34.56 is related to 864 and 432, and 123.45 and 987.654 etc, as well as being the result of 11 x π, two more cosmic-# values of some significance. Yet it turns out to be also closely related to the dimensions of the Earth, as well as the Sun. The latter by 34.56 being the product 8.64 x 4, 4.32 x 8; to the Earth by the following; (in fact the radius of the sun, taken at 432,500 miles according to most recent estimates by NASA, if multiplied by 8 = 3,460,000; or 3,456,789 / 8 = 432, 098).

If the Earth’s circumference is divided by the # of degrees in the circle (360), the distance of 1° at the Equator is obtained –
24,883.2 / 360 = 69.12 m
Which turns out to be exactly 34.56 x 2 = 69.12

So 1/2 of an equatorial degree of longitude = 34.56 m – in other words, 1/720 of the Equatorial circumference;
ie. 24,883.2 / 360/ 2 = 34.56

(And incidentally, in kilometres, 1° of Equatorial/Cmf = 111.21 km..! – a familiar and significant figure).
Or alternatively; 3960/360 = 11
“ /720 = 5.5

And 1 mile = 5280 feet => Gt Pyramid height (480”) is 1/11 of a mile)
Plus – Earth Cmf (2 π x radius) / 22 x 4 (88) = 282.8 = 2√2 x 10² or; π / 1.111112 x 10² ! These are all cos# values.

Earth Cmf in feet = 131,382,240.
Divided by 114.6 = 1,146,441 feet.
(or Earth Cmf in ft/11,462 = 11,462)

And in the cosmic cycle of the Precession of the Equinoxes – what is called the Great Year (the Sun’s ‘year’ by which it completes one revolution through the heavens before returning to its starting point) – that it takes 25,920 years, means that for the Sun to precess 1° (25,920/ 360 = 1° of the great circle), takes 72 years. A figure which was difficult for the astronomers of antiquity to observe/ study, due to the almost imperceptible changes taking place in the night-skies over what is nearly each century in time… it is considered that the Greek mathematician/ astronomer Hipparchus discovered the process of Precession, though it was possibly known before then. It was likely known also to the philosophers of India who incorporated it into their myths of the ‘Churning of the Heavens’ by the gods and demi-gods, or asuras and devas; this ‘churning’ was achieved by pulling from each end of the cosmic serpent, around the axis of the sacred mountain, Mount Mandara. (A mythology with significant similarities to Egyptian myths regarding a celestial serpent…)
This myth may be interpreted to indicate that cosmic energy is created largely by the (gravitational) forces emanating from the centre of the Galaxy we inhabit which turn the Sun on its path of Precession…as well as the planets round the sun, the moon round the earth, and so on.

Incidentally, while gravity lies at the heart of star and galaxy formation, and indeed, the existence of life, the vast galaxies of the universe, such as our own, show also the effects of gravity in the (fractal, and phi-related) spirals across 580,000 trillion (or 580 million billion) miles of our galaxy…. The Milky Way is 100,000 light years across, with 1 light year = 5.8 trillion miles, or 5,800 billion miles; (so a space-craft travelling non-stop at 1 million mph would take c.69 million years to cross the Milky Way; ie across 100,000ly x 5.8 trillion miles !); The shape of this galaxy and others, no matter how vast, help to highlight the ubiquity of gravity, and its effect on all matter, echoing for example, how water may be shaped by gravitational forces. This comparison is not necessarily random; water is not only central to life, but its sensitivity to gravity may indicate be the underlying reason for biblical references to the ‘waters of the heavens’; in fact this practice of conjoining the waters and their depths with the concept of space dates from Sumerian times, where the concept of the Ab-zu or Ap-su (the ‘abyss’) meaning ‘the depths’ may be applied to various levels of reality; to mines and mining (which feature within Sumerian mythology regarding gold-mines); subterranean water aquifers or reservoirs which feed all rivers and streams as they carry waters through the land to the oceans, from where the hydrological cycle renews (see Ecclesiastes1.7); the underworld or netherworld; the instinctive subconscious; or in this instance, the depths of space, from whence came (and indeed was part of the creation of the heavens) ‘celestial beings’/ ‘creation deities’ associated with the ‘oceans’ such as Nammu, Apsu, as well as the later Babylonian ‘serpent of the depths/chaos’ Tiamat in the epic the Enuma Elish, akin to Rahab, or Leviathan in the Bible. It is from this Akkadian/ Babylonian name that most probably the Hebrew word for the waters – ‘tehomot’ – comes, as in Genesis1.2;

“And the spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters”

It is apposite that several researchers (such as G.Strachan) have noted the Hebrew word used for ‘move’ – rachaph – may also be translated as to hover, or resonate or vibrate, thus indicating the original understanding of the nature of God within the creation to be deeply meaningful. Strachan’s discussion of this, in ‘The Bible’s Hidden Cosmology’, p.91, also notes the ‘fundamental link between music, vibration, and the created universe’, so that ‘the ancients throughout the world believed that this Cosmic Vibration was the origin and basis of all matter and energy in the universe’… indeed as atomic rates of vibration, or frequencies, lead to matter assuming different forms, or chemical elements….

Further to this subject, it may be proposed that the many Phi proportions in the human body are precisely also incorporated within our growing body through the effect of gravity acting upon the 70% of us which is water…? For example the phi spiral of the hair as it grows from birth from the crown of the head – or that of the fingerprints, let alone how the body’s various parts grow in phi proportions to each other…
This idea may be viewed as occurring from conception, as much of the formation of the body occurs within the ‘waters’ of the womb. Indeed the human foetus is curled into a spiral, as is the shape of the outer ear, so that it is said by TCMA proponents (in ‘auricular therapy’) to contain Qi points or pathways relating linearly to every part of the body…

Another interesting aspect of 72 is that; 72 x 72 = 5184

• one of the most interesting values which keeps re-occurring in this subject – ie the 51.84° ~angle of the Great Pyramid, etc. It is also relevant that as noted on p.9, in the diagram of the Squared Circle, each quadrant of the circle may hold the triangle (consisting of the three points; the centre of the circle, where the circle and square meet, and from the centre-point at a right angle to the square) of a = 38.24°, b = 51.76°, and c = 90°. Thus meaning the squared circle creates inner triangles close in value to phi (61.8 and 38.19) in terms of angles rather than decimal values…(pointing again to the significance of the relationship between 100 and 90, or 10 and 9).

This is shown in the height, base and angle of the slope of the Great Pyramid, in which it is possible to deduce that the values were made in such ratios as to result from either knowledge of Pi or Phi…

Base / height = 377.885’ / 480.64’ = 0.7862 = π /4
Base/ slope = 377.885’ / 611.44’ = 0.618 024 = 1/ϕ
Height/ base = 480.64’ / 377.885’ = 1.272 = √ϕ
Height / slope = 480.64’/ 611.44’ = 0.7860 = π /4
Slope / height = 611.44’ / 480.64’ = 1.618 05 = ϕ
Slope / base = 611.44’ / 377.885’ = 1.272 05 = √ϕ

In fact 1° of Precession takes apparently just under 72 years, the figure being more like 71.7-8 or so. Curiously, the Speed of Light is related here;

186 282 / 5184 (72²) x 2 = 71.86 – or;
186 282 / 71.86 = 2592.0 [ie. Precession/ 10]

All of which strongly support the idea that these incredible coincidences are related somehow, such as the equatorial circumference of Earth 24,883.2 / 720 = 34.56 miles, or as 24,883.2 /288 = 86.4. These are by no means an accidental or random results; indeed are all evidence of the conjoining of the energetic and material planes, according to the cosmic principles contained within maths and physics; in other words, for life to take root on a planet such as ours the Sun, the Earth and Moon must almost certainly be harmonically related in size and distance between them, orbital periods and so on, and moreover all be individually in proportion with the key mathematical constants of Pi, Phi, the Speed of Light, Alpha and others. There is more on this later).

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It has been stated often in this section that these relationships and geometries are why the builders of the Great Pyramid used the basic proportions of 5.5: 7: (7.77): 11: 14, and so on, up to 22, 28, 44, etc. Likewise as the Pyramid’s base length: height, at a ratio of 440 RC to 280 RC fits perfectly with these Pi harmonics related to 22 and 7, and extends to the ratios and lengths connected to Cos# which describe how energy/light interact within the material plane of the world. In this way the designers ensured that (whatever the purpose of the Great Pyramid/ Giza site), it would be in perfect resonance with the energies it transforms within the world grid of which it occupies a central site.

One example of the way there are curious correspondences or synchronicities between related subjects in this field, is the tuning/frequency of the modern piano.
This instrument holds an enormous amount of complexity within the subject of the tuning of its strings to make eight octaves of seven notes each, with each octave (ie from C to the next C) being a doubling of the strings’ frequency. This doubling or halving of frequencies within complete octaves is at the heart of cos# in its measurement of vibrational rates and changes, as we have seen already. The list of peoples who have studied the maths and physics of the vibration rate of strings across the octave includes from an early era the Chinese (using stringed instruments such as the gu-qin). It was a Chinese scholar who devised Equal Temperament Tuning, Cu Tsai-Yu publishing his ideas c.1580; these were picked up by Jesuit missionaries in Shanghai, and transmitted back to Europe; it was 25 years later that they were published by the Flemish mathematician S.Stevin; and when they were championed by J.S.Bach in the 18th century, they were widely adopted.
The gu-qin is much like the single stringed instrument of Pythagoras’ school, in that it was used to study the harmonic undertones and overtones of notes produced by changing the length of the instrument’s string (by use of frets in the West, and tuning pegs on the gu-qin). This led to many early advances in Chinese music theory, and the widespread adoption of the gu-qin in all classes of Chinese society, but especially among that of the philosophers.

The music made by the instrument is so tonally ‘pure’ and characterized by the production of harmoniously-related tones, that a gu-qin was included in the collection of ‘mankind’s artistic and intellectual achievements’ which were put on the Golden Voyager Record, as part of the NASA Voyager missions into space, in 1975 – and still moving through inter-stellar space today, as the furthest a man-made object has ever travelled from earth (at a distance now of estimated 14.49 billion miles* (155.8AU) as of Jan 21,2022, according to NASA/JPL). (An additional fact of relevance here is that in the record’s illustration of the stages of the growth of the human embryo in the womb, the size of the embryo is shown at 40 and 60 days, but in terms of seconds rather than days; these periods are thus written as 3,456,000, and 5,184,000 seconds respectively..!)

In the Pythagorean school, reality – the confluence of energy and matter – was seen as consisting of ‘strings’ which vibrated according to the influences/forces brought to bear on them, thus creating the material differences seen in the universe between different elements; a conception not too far removed from modern ‘string theory’, incredibly. In fact this view of reality being comprehensible in terms of number, particularly the relative vibrational rates of the smallest aspects of matter – the atom – was achieved circa 600Bce; a good two thousand years at least before similar theories arose in modern science…

This portrayal of Pythagoras working with his stringed instrument (with tuning pegs visible) to examine (cosmic) frequencies and octaves is found at Chartres cathedral, where he is depicted among many figures within the right bay of the Royal Portal entranceway and steps. The image below Pythagoras is a wider view of the right side of the west portal of the cathedral, showing some of the amazing work of the edifice. The stone carvings here date to the original period of construction, in the 12th century…

Pythagoras’ school – and studies of geometry were in large part inspired by the same subject of the vibrational frequencies within the stringed instrument mentioned, the mono-chord, in terms of the harmonic overtones, and the various musical progressions and scales obtainable. Indeed pre-Renaissance piano tuning in Europe was (and still is) called ‘Pythagorean tuning’, the progression of the 12 notes of the octave in ‘perfect fifths’. So twelve perfect fifths = seven octaves, except that Equal Temperament (ET) tuning flattens each fifth by a twelfth of a Pythagorean Comma (23.46 cents ie. ¼ of a semi-tone, /12 = 2cents) – meaning that instead of 3:2 (1.5), the seventh semitone (making a ‘fifth’), based on twelve equal logarithmic divisions of an octave, equals the 7th power of the ¹²√2; or 1.4983 : 1.

Originally, the Pythagorean tuning using the Circle of Fifths was used as a way of organizing the 12 chromatic pitches (all the notes present in the octave) in a sequence that ascends in a cycle of ‘perfect fifths, in a ratio of 3:2 (1.5) with each fifth- through seven octaves (this generates the twelve notes of the octave, in different octaves, before C is reached again seven octaves up. An Equal Temperament tuning will produce a note that is exactly seven octaves higher. And an ET fifth increases the frequency at a rate not of 3:2, ie. 1.5 :1, but as just noted, at 1.4983:1, approx.2 cents smaller than Pythagorean tuning. So, across the seven octaves this leads to a slight excess for Pythagorean tuning of c.23.45 cents* – which is called the Pythagorean Comma. (ie the difference in a fifth times twelve) – the end resulting note being not exactly seven octaves higher from the starting note, but rather, a tiny amount higher than the seven octaves.
*E/T tuning divides the octave into 12 semi-tones of 100 cents each.

A perfect fifth changes the ratio of frequency by exactly 3:2, say from E F G A B. In octave 6 on the piano E⁶ = 329.6 2Hz – using Pythagorean tuning, the B⁶ 5 notes up is tuned to 3:2 of this, giving a frequency of 494.43Hz. This process continues until each of the twelve notes of the octave is present in the ‘circle of fifths’, in what is called a chromatic scale, or chromatic circle. Now using ET tuning, B⁶ = 493.9Hz, the note obtained by increasing the rate of change each time by the ¹²√2, or 1.059, (meaning that after twelve increases the notes have doubled in frequency). This tuning avoids the discrepancies caused by Pythagorean tuning, thus making some of the inherent dissonances less obvious/noticeable, at the cost of ‘flattening’ each of the notes by a tiny amount.

In fact, if we divide the two given values for the note B using the two systems, we get a difference of;
494.43 / 493.9 = 1.001 073

The small discrepancy of the Circle of Fifths led to European composers such as Beethoven adopting the Equal Temperament tuning, so that the difference between notes was made equal. The rate in Equal Temperament tuning is described in Wikipedia as follows; “the most common tuning system (in Western music and classical) since the 18th century has been ‘twelve-tone equal temperament, 12-ET, or ‘twelve equal’, which divides the octave into twelve parts, all of which are equal on a logarithmic scale with a ratio equal to the 12th root of 2, 1.05946. The resulting smallest interval is 1/12th the width of an octave, and is called a semi-tone or half-step”. . .

In contrast traditional pre 12-ET tuning using natural whole-number ratios of the ‘circle of fifths’ to obtain each interval were slightly different.

The octave consists of tones from a single harmonic series of an implied fundamental from which the other notes derive as ratios as follows (with the notes marked by semi-tone gaps marked in capitals);

C (do) D (re) E (MI) F (FA) G (sol) A (la) B (SI) C (DO)
1:1 9:8 5:4 4:3 3:2 5:3 15:8 2:1
1 1.125 1.25 1.33 1.5 1.66 1.875 2
9:8 10:9 16:15 9:8 10:9 9:8 16:15
Cents 204 182 112 204 182 204 112

The ratios in the third line are the intervals between major notes, showing mi-fa and si-do to be the smallest intervals, there being no actual semi-tone. This may point to why Gurdjieff, in the lineage of cosmic consciousness stated these two intervals to be where changes are most likely to take place in the conceptual use of the Enneagram and Octave for understanding any courses of events which take place within time – or indeed, are the only points where changes may occur.

As can be seen, Do-Si and Mi-Fa are the smallest intervals, being between E and F, and B and C, as the 16:15 ratio, or 112 cents reveal.

In Pythagorean tuning, an early form of a ‘just’ perfect fifth tuning of the notes of the octave, Si-Do and Mi-Fa are 1.053498 (256/243) higher than preceding notes. Another way of expressing this is that in the doubling of octaves, the seven octaves will be 1,2,4,16,32,64, and 128. Using fifths, which multiply by 1.5, the twelfth fifth comes to 129.746, thus slightly higher. Strachan (p.74, The Bible’s Hidden Cosmology) quotes Herbert Whone on the cycle of fifths;

“With the central locking point established, the construction of the total key operates not unpredictably in series of fives. Moving up from middle C in perfect fifths we arrive at all the sharp keys , G, D, A, E, B, etc, and moving downwards in the same way we arrive at all the flat keys, F, Bᵇ, Eᵇ, Aᵇ, etc. The whole cycle embraces all the twelve half tones of the diatonic scale…But in this system is a strange phenomenon…if we take the ratio of the perfect fifth we find it brings us to the figure of 129.75. The difference is known of course as the Pythagorean Comma. It is a strange phenomenon and a mathematical imponderable in which the octave closes the lock of predictable order and in which the fifth overshooting the mark opens the door to an infinity of frequencies”.

The discrepancy also contained other implications. As David Tame writes in ‘The Secret Power of Music’;

The perfecting of their music system was paramount to the ancients, for their music had to harmonize with the eternal laws of the universe. Therefore the perfect ratio of 3:2 and its interval of a perfect fifth were regarded as sacred and inviolable. If the system resulted, as it did, in the harmony of mortal music being imperfect, then this had to be borne as a manifest symbol of the non-heavenly realm of time and space”…

These quotes may give some indication of why the Comma was considered so important across the civilizations of antiquity. And it is present not only in music. For example Gordon Strachan (the author of the book quoted, as well as ‘Chartres Cathedral’) says that the difference between solar and lunar months in the year corresponded to the Comma, so that in the Babylonian, and Egyptian-Phoenician, (and then Hebrew) calendars, the year was divided into 12 lunar months of 30 days each. Thus the Twelve Tones of the perfect octave were replicated on earth during the year’s progress. The remaining 5 days constituted exactly 1/72 of the 360 days, and were inserted into each of these main calendars as a way of ‘bridging the difference’ between lunar and solar calendars of 365.25 days… thus if the ratio of 128:129.75 is taken to be 1:1.01364, then the ratio multiplied by 360 results in 364.9. Thus the Comma is in proportion to the ancient calendars addition of 5 days. Strachan does note (op.cit, p.77) that this difference is 0.35 days per year, a considerable proportion…while adding that he believes the comparison was close enough to ‘be taken as a correspondence between heaven and earth’… he also quotes the researcher Robert Temple, who considered the Comma to have been a highly significant value within ancient Egypt, referred to by them as the ‘tiny gap’, and was ‘known as the most important secret number of the gods’ (p.77). Strachan argues this points to the Hebrew calendar having been derived ‘from the wisdom of Egypt, which they took with them at the time of the Exodus’ – something supported by the biblical reference to Moses being schooled in the wisdom of Egypt, as well as theories linking Christianity’s church procedures deriving directly from the established wisdom and religious forms of worship of ancient Egypt.

Strachan’s consideration of the Pythagorean Comma also considers that a representation of this ‘small anomaly’, or ‘difference’, was built intentionally, and thus consciously, into both Stonehenge by its (Celtic/ Druidic) builders, and also into Chartres cathedral’s architectural plan/ building design. Why was this done? Strachan says that both were built clearly to ‘sacred temple’ geometric principles – so at Chartres, from the omphalos point (at the crossover point on the two axes, using √3 as its ‘key’, in the double-triangles latticework of the two triangles), the energies expressed through the √3 are constantly expanding, and as such ‘representative of infinity’. And in this continual flow of evolving energy the building then had a slight imbalance or imperfection built in to create a small ‘oscillating’ effect in the routing of the earth energies through the structures of the edifice. This perspective holds that energy vitalizes matter, while matter resonates to, and channels, energies depending on the shapes and proportions the edifice is built with. What this Comma achieves therefore is to ensure that the cathedral is more than a sterile architectural plan ‘set in stone’, built without reference to the energy flows within.

Strachan writes of the two examples given as being ways of increasing the effects in the long-term of the cosmic energies which flow from the earth at these sacred ‘omphalos’, or ‘navel’-points;

“There are certain anomalies which are strangely reminiscent of megalithic monuments, particularly Stonehenge. First, its orientation is only fractionally different… being close to midsummer sunrise” (Chartres, unlike most Christian churches is not oriented to the east, but to 47°E of N. Stonehenge is oriented 50.25°E of N, while midsummer sunrise is 51.58°N of E. He continues; “Secondly, its north and south spires symbolize the sun and the moon…their two complementary cycles are ingeniously built into the fabric of the design in the form of two slightly different axes…creating as it were a vibrato effect on the resonance of the cathedral. This is similar to the heel-stone and causeway post holes at Stonehenge, which mark the difference between the longest day in the solar and lunar-meonic cycle.” (p.12-13).

The North-South axis is minutely ‘skewed’ also by the feature of the columns on the North and South Porches being set at different distances to the beginning of the steps down; on the north they are flush with the top step, and on the south they are set back slightly by a distance of around 1-2 feet. This is almost certainly not an accidental feature, considering the sophistication and precision of the cathedral’s design and construction.

• The Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan in Mexico is argued to have small discrepancies of size and angle built into its bases/ sides, for similar reasons, said to relate to vorticular energies as they arise from the earth up through the structure of the pyramid.

Indeed, there is a similar dissonance in the angled sides of the Pyramid of Menkaure at Giza, two sides of which have an angle to the ground of 51.85° and 51.19°. (Furlong citing Lehner’s measures of the pyramid, of sides 343 feet, and 335 feet) As David Furlong notes, these differences are far too large to not have been noticed by the designers/builders of the structure at an early stage, considering the sides of the GP, for instance, of sides 756 feet have differences measured in inches. The stark difference in Menkaure’s sides may well be another example of small design ‘imbalances’ built in to encourage ‘oscillating’ energy flows, especially if such ‘energetic dynamics’ were at the heart of the buildings’ design. The four sides of the Great Pyramid likewise are all marginally off-set in comparison to the four cornerstones, which are oriented exactly to the cardinal points of the compass – and additionally have slightly concave faces; the effect again is to create a slight vorticular ‘flow’.

• this is to say that a small and marginal ‘imperfection’ enables energies to flow a little more quickly – in principle this is similar to the Typhoon fighter jet (and perhaps most modern fighters now), which had constant micro-imbalances built into its computer flight-stabilization systems, to enable faster evasive action/ responsivity – this resulting from the fighter continually diverging from its ‘straight-line’ flight direction in ‘chaotic’ (ie. non-predictable, but non-random) ways, which is made feasible by the plane’s computer reassessing the craft’s movement and orientation, up to seventy times a second, to prevent it from crashing! Thus if the fighter has to turn at any split-second, it is already turning away from the straight-line direction of flight…

The overall principle of the Pythagorean Comma is akin not only to the irrational roots, but also to the subterranean watercourses which underlie many sacred sites, introducing a continual small flow of (electro-magnetic) energy to permeate the structure. The ‘Druidic Well of the Strong’ flows through the crypt of Chartres, while the crypt chapel also houses the Black Madonna, carved from wood, named ‘Our Lady from Under the Earth’ again uniting Celtic, Christian and Near Eastern beliefs and concepts, as well as pointing to the significance of subterranean energies, as well as those found around and within water. That water was associated from the earliest of times with ‘altered states of consciousness’, and was considered an integral component of such
transcendental religious experiences is clear. The Sumerian deity associated with water, Enki/ Ea/ Oannes, was the founder and builder of civilization, as well as being described in various creation-myths (such as ‘Enki and Ninkhursag; the creation of Dilmun’) as creating the first man and woman from his own essence (mixed with clay); while later in the Hebrew civilization, numerous rabbinical texts were dedicated to these types of water-based ritual, as examined by the American academic Geoffrey Dennis in essays such as “Water as a Medium of Revelation in Early Jewish Mysticism”, and others.

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To return to the frequencies and ratios of the Octave, there is modern debate around the tuning of the A above Middle C – as can be seen, Middle C⁴ vibrates at 261.68Hz, (~ ϕ²), while the note A⁴, located five notes higher, vibrates at the rate of 440 Hz/sec. And it is from this note and its frequency that every other note on the piano is derived, it being what is called the Standard Tuning Reference note.
One feature of this is that the note one octave down at A³ vibrates at 220 Hz, the A⁵ (the A above A⁴ of 440Hz) at 880 Hz…and so on. (While C⁸, at 4186.006Hz, the first and only note of the 8th octave, numbered as key #88, is the highest note on the piano, and A⁰ is the lowest – at 27.5 Hz. and therefore A¹ = 55Hz, A² = 110 Hz., etc. All of these notes therefore are on a harmonic of 11, (as the values of Pi, 22/ 7 are related to 2.75, 5.5, 7, 11, 14, 22, 28, 44 and so on). And as noted, the edifice at the ‘centre’ of the world’s continent’s, the Great Pyramid is designed with ratios of 7:11 throughout, and has a base length of 440 cubits, and height of 280 cubits, thus aligning the dimensions of the pyramid intrinsically with the defining values of Pi.
The debate is that some students of cos#/Sacred Geometry subjects, having discovered the centrality of the A⁴ (440Hz) above mid-C (261.63Hz), argue that A⁴ should be tuned rather to 432 Hz/sec, in order to align it, and the sounds/wavelengths/ frequencies of the entire piano, with the 432 harmonic and all the ways that it resonates through reality… some claim they can tell the difference between pianos tuned to 432Hz to 440, saying it is a more ‘resonant’ or ‘natural ‘sound.

It is clearly a good idea worth considering; but the ratios considered in this chapter give pause, in showing how 440 may resonate with the 864/432 harmonic, as well as with Pi, phi and so on. For the Great Pyramid, Giza, the Sphinx, and the foremost measure of all these monuments, the Royal Cubit etc, were all the product of clearly the highest levels of consciousness.
(As well as this, the note next to A² of 110Hz is B² which has a frequency of 123.4Hz; so three octaves higher, A⁵ has a frequency of 880Hz while B⁵ = 987.7Hz. . .showing that the cosmic# value of 1.23456789 x 8 = 9.87654321; and additionally we can note that 1.234…9 x 7 = 864.
The note C⁵, double the frequency of C⁴ (261.63) is equal to 523.25, remarkably close to the value for the Egyptian Royal Cubit of 52.36 cm, or 0.5236m; so linking the piano frequencies to the π/ ϕ²/ ERC relationship of 3.14159(π)/6 = .5236, which x 5 = 2.618 (ϕ²). (Or π = ϕ² x 6/5).
One more coincidence is that D# in octaves 2 and 3 has a frequency of 77.7 and 155.5Hz, both of which have many cosmic# relationships; in the Ray of Creation octave D# is the semi-tone between Re (the moon) and Mi (the Earth), while in the geometries of the squared circle of diameter 7 units, both values are harmonics of related circles. And indeed, 777.7 is in precise 3:2 proportion to 518.4, while 777.6/ 3 = 259.20, the Precession Cycle again, or ‘Great Year’.

As can be seen, the frequencies of the ‘key’ note A are in harmonic relation to values present in the Great Pyramid ratios of 5.5 etc. There is more to this subject. If it is considered how we receive information from external reality through the senses, particularly on those of sight and hearing, it is a traditional belief that the ears have greater sensitivity and power in terms of wider cognitive capacities, for some reason, than the eyes.
Thus leading to the saying ‘the eye estimates; but the ear calculates’…a statement not easily proved, but it is a fact that the sense of hearing produces far more internal sensitivities, in general, than sight. For example, the ears can discern differences in the time a signal takes to arrive at the brain from each ear to assess the azimuthal (horizontal angle) direction of a sound, to a sensitivity of less than 20 microseconds between each signal. Differences in frequencies, and volume intensity are also used to locate the source of sounds, in just one example out of hundreds of the incredible physiology of the aural system within the human.
The salient point here in terms of Pi-related frequencies is that sound waves are received through the structures of the outer ear, and then channelled down into the middle/inner ear to the cochlea, where they are converted via receptor groups of hairs within the ear-drum’s liquid into ‘electrical’ signals. These are sent along the central nervous system, through the brainstem to the brain – where they receive further processing and ‘conversion’ into the ‘sounds’ we hear/perceive… with processing starting at early stages along the nerve pathways as they enter the brain.
The first point to note is that the cochlea is designed (or has evolved) in a spiral structure along which sound-waves travel. The number of spirals directly affects, or determines even, the frequency-range of sounds we can hear… so a dog, or cat, or bat have ears with approximately 4 or more spirals, or something like, enabling them to hear noises of higher frequencies than the human ear can perceive… the human ear has precisely 2.75 spirals, which interestingly is exactly 5.5/2 – providing some measure of support potentially to the equivalence of these values in this chapter, especially in the octave frequencies from A⁰ (27.5Hz) on through to A⁷ on the piano-forte keyboard.
The tuning of the modern piano may seem irrelevant to these subjects concerning Giza and the earth, and yet it is a part of the planet’s reality, and an example of the ubiquity of the inner-frequencies and resonances within the cycles, and harmonic relationships of life – and which are particularly resonant with the main fractions of Pi. And as noted, from the great civilizations of antiquity came the belief that the tones of the cosmos resonated through all created matter, including the Earth. Music in its purest forms was as such, an accurate reflection of the underlying energies and forms of reality, and thus a way of bringing those creative and balancing energies to mankind.

Perhaps modern piano tunings assumed the 440Hz frequency for A⁴ because it sounded ‘right’, in repeating cosmic frequencies/ harmonics; ie as quoted already, ‘life (the material universe) follows the Tao’… or energetic principles.

Incidentally, spirals play a central part in many aspects of reality, and in the processes of life for organic life. As the etymology chapter highlights, the stem of ‘spiral’ has the following words or concepts attached to it;

‘Hope’ is from the French word ‘espere’; while ‘heavens’ comes from the heavenly spheres; and the frequent shaping of galaxies, such as our own, in vast spirals* – the Milky Way is formed in a straightforward perfect spiral pattern – so that we are situated in the Orion arm of the four spiral arms of the Milky Way galaxy. Of the numerous examples of how (ϕ) spirals are a central aspect of reality, in both material and energetic terms, are; the patterns of weather systems; how water moves under the action of gravity; how hair grows outwards from the crown of the head; the spiral whorls present upon each finger’s print; the lengths of sections of the hand, and arm; the digestive systems of animals with high-volume food intakes; the ears of mammals, birds and reptiles, as mentioned; the shells of sea-creatures such as Nautilus shells; the spirals on organic flowers and plants such as sunflower heads, pine-cones, pineapples, cacti, acorn cups, etcetera; and as stated, the spiral galaxies, of various types. Thus the list of ‘spiral’-related words may be said to include;

Hope – aspire – work (perspire) – breathe – worship (spire) – the heavens – spirit.

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Of further interest are some of the many significant values found in Cos# etc, coincidentally (?) in such tables as the Tree of Life. For example the Circle of radius 39.27/78.54 radius if considered as an Equal circle to a square of 30.84/61.7 has an outer circle of radius 43.2/diam. 86.4 units. Indicating how these cosmic# values can be found within the inner geometries of the circle starting from 50 radius/100 diameter – although if every derived circle, or E:I:O square etcetera is used as a starting point, the number of new squared circle sets is effectively infinite. . .

That a circle of diameter 39.29 7 (instead of 39.27) has a Circumference of 123.45…9 points again to the close correlations between the squared circle and the values indicated; which means that when multiplied by 2³ (increased in size x 8) this produces a circle of circumference 987.654321.

The figure 123.456789 has some notable features in cos#; likewise its ‘corollary’, 987.654321…
indeed, there are some noteworthy relationships involved around these two numbers.

As we have seen with the square/circle/ ϕ – a circle of diameter 61.78 units doubles up to 123.456789; while in the original squared circle the value of CD = 61.9 units in diameter, and 30.9 in radius. So a radius of 30.86 x4 = 123.456789; another value therefore within the first squared circle which is extremely close, but not identical to the predominant cos# values… while this is clearly not an identical match, the fact that so many cos# values are almost indicated is possibly significant in some way itself…

So 123.456789/ π = 39.29 75164 (x 2 = 78.58… relatively close in value to the square/circle measures of 39.27 and 78.54)

In fact, considering the necessity of numbers, values and proportions in Cos# relating to the geometries and physics of reality, it is of great interest that 123.45…9 has a relationship of some sort to Alpha (α), the Fine Structure Constant, a value at the centre of modern physics studies of light, (and its relationship to matter); as already noted, 123.45678666 x 3 = 369 + alpha (α), while it can also be seen, the number derived regarding the squared circle is;

Diam. circle of 39.27 x π = 123.370 3435.

Not only is this close to 123.456 etc – but equally importantly –
1.110 73781319² = 1.23 373 848, while 1.110 7378³ = 1.37 0359992 = α

(Alternatively, 123.3734889 / π = 39.27 100124…) As a note, considering the possibility of measurements of the Great Pyramid to often be meaningfully used as a method of communicating certain points of significance, the distance between the entranceway to the point where the Ascending Passageway turns upwards from the Descending Passageway is precisely 1110 inches, according to the accurate measurements of Sir Flinders Petrie in 1883. This may be considered as significant in being the first major point in the journey into the inner structures of the pyramid from the outer world.

Here to finish this section is a list of just some of the features of 123.456789; more relationships existing between many of the staple values found within cosmic number are examined in the Notes and Numbers section.

400 / 1.62 = 123.45679012 x 2
10² x 9² = 1.23456789
10 / 9 = 1.1111
360/ 32.4 = 11.111

123.456789
x 3.60 = 444.444 (ie √123.45)
x 3.5 = 432.09
x 3³ = 3333.333
x 3⁴ = 10,000 (10⁴)

    x 7       = 864
    x 8       = 987.654321

    x .5184   = 64
    x .25920 = 32  (so 25.920 / 3.24  = 8)

    x 18⁴       = 12,960,000
    x 18³       = 720,000
    x 18²       = 40,000
    x 18        = 2,222.222
    x 8.1       = 1000 (10³)

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II. THE VESICA PISCIS

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Following on from the representative Circle, and Square, and the Pi and Phi relationships (among others) within the geometries of these symbols, we can now progress to adding another circle to the symbol. This forms a symbol of two interconnected circles, each with their centre on the circumference of the other – thus forming a central region, called the Vesica Piscis; the ‘plate of fish’….

So in keeping with the understanding held in antiquity and shown in sacred architecture, the first circle may be viewed in terms of the circle of ‘the heavens’, representing the flow of the highest energies into the circle of material reality, the Universe and outwards in the four directions of the compass – much like the Garden of Eden is defined by the four rivers, and the four points of the compass. Genesis 2.10-11;

“And a river went out of Eden to water the garden; and from thence it was parted, and became into four heads. The name of the first is Pison; That is it which compasseth the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold…“ – and so on.

The second circle represents the transmission of the energies to the material plane of the Earth.

The Vesica Piscis was examined closely in the works of two of the most well-known academics of antiquity; the Greek (founding father of geometry) Euclid, and the Roman architect and geometer Vitruvius, (70Bce-15Ad) who wrote ‘De Architectura’; a volume which was rediscovered by Italian scholars in the Middle Ages and helped shape the architecture of the Renaissance… for example in Leonardo da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man. The Roman architect’s were based on three standards – strength, utility, and beauty. But the unifying theme of his work was proportionality, the relationship of all the individual parts of a building to the whole; or of the building to its environment. This belief extended to the human body, of which many examples of phi proportions can be found, hence da Vinci’s drawing and related studies, which searched for universal ratios and patterns expressed in the human body. In this way affirming the dictum that man was made in God’s image, embodying cosmic principles and laws.
Archimedes too examined the Vesica, concerning the sectoring of a circle into 6 equal proportions, thus making the drawing of a hexagon possible with compass and pencil, a feature we will consider shortly.

The central overlapping area is the key point of interest here, as it contains some essential geometric principles – and has symbolic meanings encoded into many epics and religious texts of antiquity. Most well-known is the Christian adoption of the symbol as representative of Jesus Christ (as intermediary between God and mankind), as well as Christianity and the Piscean Age.

At Chartres Cathedral, one of the most highly regarded Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages, the space over the central (Islamic archway) door has Jesus portrayed within a Vesica (left). Below is a plate from the Book of John, Syriac New Testament,1555, showing correlations between Jesus, the Vesica Piscis, and the Qabalah Tree of Life !

The foremost symbolic meaning of the Vesica is that suggested by its uniting of duality – in that the two circles are at this central point conjoined as such. And so symbolically the two circles represent the two spheres of heaven and earth – or energy and matter.

So to begin then, we draw two circles, with each centre point on the other circle’s circumference. To begin with, in this example, each circle has a radius of 50 units, a diameter of 100 units, and circumference of 314.159 units;

Examining the geometry of the vesica reveals some highly interesting points; when a line is drawn along the vertical axis, from the top to the bottom of the central area, it is of relevance that this line is 86.6% of the length of the circles’ diameter. This is worked out as follows;

By drawing a line from each circles centre to the crossover point, we create an equilateral triangle above the ‘equator’, and beneath. The ratio of the central vertical axis through the VP is this; for a circle of height 100 units the entire vertical axis (DE) is 86.6% of that, or half the √3. Thus each half of the axis = 43.3 in height; thus DB & BE = 86.6 /2 ie 43.3 units high.

AB = 25 units
AC = 50
AD/DC/AE/CE = 50 = radius of circle)

DE = 86.6% of circle diameter of 100 units.
DB = 43.3 units.

The ratios of BC : CD : DB = 1 : 2 : √3

The lines EA and AD form 2/6 of an equal sided hexagon within the entire (right-hand) circle, made by creating a mirror of the points by drawing a Vesica from the other side of the circumference.
As the radius of the circle (AC) = 50 units, the diameter therefore = 100 units, and the circumference = 314.159 units, ie Pi.

This raises the point that the segment of the circle’s circumference between points A and D = 314.159 / 6 = 52.36. Curiously, this is the length of the Egyptian Royal Cubit, as used and defined in the Great Pyramid (and ascertained through a process of deduction by the Victorian surveyor of the site of Giza, Sir Flinders Petrie); ie a Royal Cubit measure 0.5236 metres, or 52.36 cm ; or 20.6 inches. This characteristic of the ERC being 1/6 of Pi, and of the circumference of the circle within the Vesica Piscis is a good indication that the designers of the Great Pyramid knew of this symbol and its geometries when they designed the Great Pyramid. Several other features of the double-triangle within the Vesica are of significance too.

So from apex to base of the Vesica we have 2 triangles of height of 86.6% of the radius of each circle, which combined are accordingly 86.6% of the circle’s diameter.
Taken together these triangles form a rhombus composed of two equilateral triangles (ie ADCE). A rectangle placed around the rhombus is known as a ‘root3’ rectangle, and as can be seen from the diagram (left) of Chartres Cathedral, (from Strachan, op.cit), is at the heart of the geometric design of the edifice working outwards from the ‘omphalos point’, at the crossover points of the horizontal and vertical axes.

This system of ‘double triangles’, known as the Ad Triangulum system, was widely used by the early Gothic-era monks and architect builders of the great cathedrals of Europe, people such as Bernard of Clairvaux, and his Benedictine and then Cistercian order. There is a clear line of transmission of this Sacred Geometry at this point from antiquity to the ‘modern European’ era; for Bernard was one of the originators of the order of the Knights Templar, founded in 1118 Ad, though only given Papal recognition at the Council of Troyes in 1128 under their full name; The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of the Order of Christ and the Temple of Solomon. Research and/or legends posit that this ‘cosmic’-based wisdom was not ‘found’ by the first small group of Templars digging beneath the Temple Mount c.1128, but was given to the Templars by Islamic orders extant within Jerusalem holding the highest philosophic and scientific levels of understanding and wisdom. This is one indication of how scientifically and culturally advanced Islam was at this point in time, having inherited (and developed) much of the accumulated wisdom of the Sumerian, Babylonian, Egyptian, and Hebrew cultures from primarily the first millennium Bce, making it a religion immersed in matters of geometry and cosmic wisdom.

The architecture of the civilization of Islam from the 7th century CE (Common Era) onwards likewise was based upon very similar geometry-based tenets dating back presumably to the Egyptian schools which designed the earliest pyramids, and was transmitted to the western nations of Europe by the highest Islamic schools of architecture and religious thought within the cities of the Holy Land. This at the time when the Crusades won temporary stewardship of Jerusalem and other cities for the European and Papal forces, from 1095 CE on and off for the next two centuries until 1267 CE, (although numerous smaller campaigns were waged after this date in not just the Holy Lands, but in the Iberian Peninsula against Muslim rule, and northern Europe around the Baltic against ‘pagan’ peoples of Slavic, Baltic and Finnish origins).
But the significant point is that when the western orders of the church, and the elites of the various European kingdom’s political/ military orders came into close cultural contact with the Islamic rulers of the Holy Lands, there was a significant amount of interchange of higher knowledge and practices of the Islamic world at that time.
As Jerusalem was one of Islam’s most revered centres of religion and culture (as a world omphalos point, or ‘higher gateway’), where the centre(s) of ‘esoteric’ wisdom within Islam lay at this point in time lay is certainly not clear; the Sufi orders, for instance, were yet to begin from around the 13th century onwards.
And as noted, previous transmissions – or traditions – of higher consciousness existed within Near East traditions extant in the first millennium CE; of the Sumerian/ Assyrian/ Babylonian, Hebrew, Egyptian texts, architecture and religious practices from the 2rd millennia Bce onwards; influences from Iran and Persia, which themselves bore traces of the pathways trade and travellers from India and central Asia took through the Persian cities; the writings of the Greeks, preserved in communities such as Alexandria in Egypt, and the Arabic world; the related teachings of Roman philosophers and geometers, such as the architectural school of Vitruvius; and so on, which having found refuge in the Near East during the (European) Dark Ages from 400-800CE, was reintroduced by the Islamic scholars to the invading Europeans of the Crusades..!

While this may look complicated, in fact the complexity of the Near East was one of its foremost strengths at this time, indicating a rich mix of different cultures and centres of learning; so much so that as G.Strachan writes in his book ‘Chartres Sacred Geometry, Sacred Space’ (p17);

“Today it is difficult for us in the West to realize that in those times, Islam had achieved a far higher level of civilization than north-western Europe, in almost every field of the arts and sciences. However, the historical evidence clearly indicates that it was only through contact with Islam that the full works of Plato, Aristotle and Euclid, which had been largely lost in the West, were rediscovered.
It was only after these, and other classical works had been fully translated from Arabic into Latin, and added to the curriculum in the schools of Paris, Laon, Chartres and the other centres of learning, that a renaissance of culture was triggered off in northern France. The rise of Gothic architecture was the most spectacular result of this.”
And as he writes on p.28, “While the rest of the Crusaders continued to engage with the military might of Islam, the first Templars acknowledged that they had found the source of much of the learning which had long been taught in the cathedral schools back home”, in particular in the centres mentioned above…

So the Islamic architectural knowledge in the lineage of the ‘wisdom of antiquity’ was transferred to the west – it is conjectured – primarily through the Gothic cathedrals of the 12th century across Europe, particularly in France. And the innovations of Gothic architecture have been shown to have come from several main figures; such as the ‘master mason’ Villard de Honnecourt, the architect who introduced the (Islamic) ‘pointed arch’ intrinsic to the Gothic style. These arches unlike rounded Roman arches pointed skywards, routing energies of the edifice not back into the earth but skywards. Their design was based upon the geometric creation of two curves of a circle drawn from the second and third points within the baseline divided into fifths; in Islam these fifths-arches were called mukhammas arches, while according to the works of Professor K.Cresswell, arches can be produced that are thirds, sevenths or tenths arches alternatively.

(left) the renowned doorway of Peterborough Cathedral, Cambs.
(below) the arched doorway at Toledo cathedral, Spain.

Chartres Western Portal, highly similar to that of Peterborough, consists of three ‘fifths’ arches, above each doorway.
Strachan also points to the numerous English knights and landowners who brought (possibly captive) Islamic architects and masons with them when they returned from the Crusades; Richard de Granville brought one such mason who designed Neath Abbey in Glamorganshire, and then later became architect to the Norman king of England Henry I (cited by Strachan, on p.19, from Nigel Pennick,1994). Similarly Strachan states that the ‘dating of early examples of cross-ribbed vaulting at Durham Cathedral coincides with the return of the Prince-Bishop of Durham, William of St-Calais, in the mid-1190’s. His successful campaign against the Muslims in Sicily resulted in him bringing back captured Islamic masons’ (p.18-19). Masons were not the only experts from the Islamic world who were brought back to England, as we shall see shortly, the influence of Islamic practices and sciences were strongly influential in modernising the western courts of its nation’s rulers.

So research has shown there was a considerable amount of wisdom, science or technology transfer from the occupied Near Eastern peoples in the occupied Crusades lands to the western forces of the Europeans, at all levels, from the courts of the kings and nobility to the religious orders which were the effective disseminators of knowledge throughout society at that time.

It is argued that the higher standards of learning prevalent in the Islamic world at that time led to European societies gaining much knowledge, as considered earlier.

Architectural improvements such as arched windows, derived from Islamic architecture and mathematics (see left); and Gothic architecture developed the use of the Ad Triangulum system of siting (sacred) buildings from a central point, and geometrically developing the rest of the building from the navel-point. This would indicate the practice was indeed linked to the canons of (sacred) architecture in antiquity, be they Egyptian, Hebrew, Indian, Greek, and Roman, all of which placed their temples at navel-points in the land, and built from the heart of the site outwards using geometric ‘keys’. . .

Left – Chartres cathedral, exterior.

In regard to the use of Ad Triangulum, it may be argued that the Islamic mathematician/geometers and architects gained knowledge of this Sacred Geometry from the works of Vitruvius and the Roman schools of architecture in the early first millennium, or via contacts with Greek culture and its connections with Egypt; knowledge which was then largely lost to Europe until the Crusades, and then the Renaissance.

But there is fair argument to say that this system of geometry and number-based cosmology and architecture was originally devised by both the Sumerian civilizations and the Egyptians, from where it was transmitted to both Hebrew and Greek religious philosophers, and thence to Rome…
(Though Egyptian examples of omphalos stones are to be found at the oasis at Siwa, and at Thebes, it may be argued they were later introductions during the Ptolemaic era when Greeks ruled the Egyptian ‘state’; but the precision of Egyptian geometric applications at Giza, and the Great Pyramid, pyramid complex and the Sphinx all indicate the founders of Egyptian civilization were – like the founders of Sumer – aware of the geometric significance of sites in relation to each other in terms of the proportions of the Earth. The image in Egyptian and Greek artworks of ‘omphalos’ stone in pairs is actually also present within an Assyrian stela of the Tablet of Shamash; with the presence of pairs of marker stones indicating the geodetic nature of the phenomenon as linking sites of special nature to others across the land, and the globe.

(images a/b/c); Egyptian scene from the Book of the Dead / the Papyrus of Queen Nejmet showing two omphalos stones linked to the Sun, with ‘celestial beings’ holding lines or wands of connection or measurement. Note the two birds (crows?) sat upon the marker stones in the second image); also that the stone is effectively the ‘rod and ring’ symbol of Sumer/ Shen-ring of Egypt, used to symbolize divine and earthly authority, as a cord of protection depicting the boundaries of both the Creation and kingdom. The third image is a depiction of the source of the Nile, in Upper Egypt (from John Ward,1902). The presence of the pair of birds may (again) symbolize that it is a significant geodetic point on the Earth’s surface, as with the Greek omphalos-myth of the two eagles released by Zeus in different directions around the world which met at the sacred site of Delphos).

(d. & e.) – the Sumerian Tablet of Shamash, from Assyria, c.885Bce, two deities/ higher beings hold lines to a four-rayed symbol (of Earth with divine energies diffusing from the central point?), identical to the Egyptian pair of ‘angels’ with measuring lines. Also note the presence of two omphalos/ marker stones as foundation points beneath the main symbol; a theme supported by the square base upon which the symbols rest ie how energy distributes into material reality.
These types of omphalos stones are similar in concept to the benben stone as formulated in Heliopolis in the Pyramid Texts, as the mound or apex that arose from primeval waters and upon which the creator, Aten then settled. Foundation points of the world in other words… similar to the Hebrew concept of the Foundation Stone in Jerusalem in the basement of the Temple, said to be placed over the waters of the abyss at the ‘centre’ or ‘navel’ of the world, to keep them in abeyance. Thus locating sacred sites at geodetically significant and related points within the individual nation, and the world.

Greek omphalos marker stones have also had in the past the alternative name in Greek and Roman civilizations of baetyl stones, often linked to meteorites which were then made into objects of veneration. The name derives from the word ‘Bethel’ as found in the biblical narrative of Jacob, and the House of God he marked with a sacred stone.

Other examples of geomancy within the formative civilizations of the Near East in antiquity include the siting of the entire city of Heliopolis*, a major religious centre named after, and dedicated to, the Sun, across the Nile from Giza, set in a plan aimed at reflecting the presence of relevant star constellations on either side of the Milky Way; in this way creating a mirror on Earth of the heavenly dispensation above. This perspective of viewing the world as a ‘tessellated’ chequerboard upon which to mirror (and thus resonate with) celestial patterns has been present throughout the history of humanity, even in the modern era.
*Meaning ‘city of the Sun’, or its native name of ‘On’ from ‘iunu’; ‘the Pillars’, (or possibly from the Sumerian An-u, ie ‘heavenly’) this meaning may be linked to ‘obelisks’ (or ben-ben stones also) representing the ‘male’ energies of the Sun. So the king of Israel Solomon is said to have been so called in homage to the Sun, his name including three words for the sun, or celestial light; sol, aum, and on.
His relationship to the Queen of Sheba (the ‘Queen of Seven’) represents the (alchemical) marriage of male and female energies within the self, or within reality. The first mention of the number 666 in the Bible is in connection with the amount of gold sent to Solomon for building the Temple. The number signifies the energies of the sun according to writer John Michell in ‘The Heavenly City’, while gold itself is the metal taken as representative of the sun throughout history. The deity worshipped at On was the sun-god Atun, or Ra.

(left – the Foundation Stone, within the Dome on the Rock, Temple Mount, Jerusalem, 1915 photograph).

To return to our study of the symbol the Vesica Piscis, one feature of this which presents itself here, is the close proximity of the figure 43.3 (BD) to the Cosmic number 432…and likewise of 86.6% (BF) to the significant number of 864. It is fair to say that this proximity of values is of some importance or relevance, and is one indication for the prevalence of the importance of 432 and 864 in geodetic and astronomic, or even energetic terms.

One fascinating link here is brought to light when examining one of the most important measurements of 864, as found in our solar system; as we have seen, the diameter of the Sun has been measured at 864,000 miles for over a century. But recent measurements by the SOHO satellite have put the distance at a more exact distance of 864,900 miles, or 865,000 thereabouts.

Thus linking both 86.6%, (√3/2) as within the Vesica (left), and 864 harmonics to the size of the Sun, and its related geometries and harmonies such as the speed of light…

• So for example, we can see from the following some indication of the complex but harmonious relationships between the material reality of our Sun-Earth-Moon system, and the ‘cosmic’ geometries of Pi and Phi;
  (Indeed the possibility that our solar system is representative of a highly unusual harmony, rather than randomness, in material terms because of the higher energetic forces at work within the system…)

–> 864,900 / 7920 / 3.14159/ 1.272019260 = 27.32 732711**
Diam. of the Sun / Diam. of Earth / π / √ϕ = orbital period of the Moon around Earth.

This value, 27.32 is also the size of Moon to Earth’s diameters, percentage-wise – an amazing coincidence. Along the same lines (in keeping with Knight and Butler’s theory that the Moon and Sun are connected in several ways to the values of 400 and 10,000), if you take the Moon’s diameter in kilometres (10,920km) / 27.32 (the lunar orbital period of Earth in days, as well as ratio of Moon : Earth at 27.32%), the total = 400…(!). A strange circumstance, considering the Sun is 400 times larger than the Moon, as well as being 400 times further away relative to Earth – also noteworthy is the value of 109.2, which is also the ratio of the Earth : Sun (109.28), the number of Earth diameters across the diameter of the Sun (109.25), the number of solar diameters across the Earth’s orbit at aphelion (109.26), and so on.

(864 -and 432 – are ‘coincidentally’ numbers central to the Sun, and the speed of light; and as the diameter/radius difference is 864,000 and 432,000, so the 86,400 seconds in a 24-hour period, divide into 43,200 in the seconds of ‘daylight’, and 43,200 seconds in ‘night-time’ of the diurnal cycle…
Indeed, the number of years it takes for the circle of the polar axis of the Earth make the Sun appear to travel (precess) through the houses of the Zodiac (in a backward motion), arriving at its starting point in the stars relative to Earth – the Precession Cycle – is estimated to stand at around 25,920 years; and if you multiply this number by 33.33 (ie.100/3), then 864,000 is obtained; another example of just how many levels and cycles and energies are linked by this 864-866 value. Another curiously coincidental point is that the square root of the Speed of Light (186,282 m/s) = 431.6098.

√186 282 = 431.6039
+ 0.396 (radius of Earth/10,000)
= 432 (x 1000)
= 432,000 (the radius of sun.

Considering all the ways in which 864 and 432 are found to be significant in the measures and proportions of the Sun:Earth:Moon system, plus the speed of light etc, it is beyond coincidence that 864 is the number the counting system introduced by the earliest civilization (known of the post-deluge era) gave the length of the day, one daily revolution of the earth in its orbit around the sun – through using the base-60 system …ie 60 x 60 x 24 = 86,400 seconds in a day.

In fact with this first numerical system of the circles of time and space (ie spherical geometry) being shown to be for most of civilization’s history as ideal for its purposes – of linking time and space, and the heavens and earth in their overlapping cycles – the (historical) assertion that the wisdom of Sumer came directly from what may be called ‘cosmic sources’ / ‘visitors from the ‘heavens’ looks to be more and more likely with time.

The argument that all the immense developments of Sumer were simple evolutions/ intellectual developments attained by the first ‘societal’ grouping of mankind, c.4000 BC, looks quite unlikely, realistically.

(More on the Sun/Earth/Moon harmonics, and the importance of 864 and 432 later.)

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Chartres floor-plan (left), and photograph of the open central spaces of the cathedral (below);

It is the view of many architectural and Sacred Geometry writers and researchers that the derivation of this equilateral triangle, and likewise the two equilateral triangles that form a rhombus, was the key to the design of many of the cathedrals, monasteries and churches of the Middle Ages, from this central point outwards. For example at Chartres (diagram from Strachan, Chartres Cathedral), where the centre of the cathedral is sited over the vertical and horizontal axis meeting point. And in keeping with the inner geometries of the Vesica the height of the vertical axis is √3 to the width as can be seen in the diagram; or 1: 0.866 for the height of the circle to that of the vertical axis.

The centre point of the site is built directly over the crypt where a subterranean stream runs through, and where a sacred chamber was dedicated from the megalithic era of the druids and the Carnutian tribe, according to various histories of the site.
Likewise later Roman and early French versions were built over this omphalos point, each being replaced through the centuries, until the 12th century when the Gothic version was built by clergy and architects associated with St Bernard of Clairvaux, the Benedictines and the Cistercians. These in their turn had connections via Bernard, Hugue de Payens and others to the Knights Templars, who gained their understanding of sacred architecture from Islamic scholars when they were based in Jerusalem at the site of the Temple Mount, and the Dome on the Rock; and to three religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam a world navel (omphalos) point connected to the higher dimensions.

In what is most likely coincidence, the Ad Triangulum basis of the rhombus formed by two equilateral triangles finds a match in Lagrange gravity points found by the mathematicians Leonard Euler, and ten years later by Joseph Lagrange in 1772, as they studied the three-body problem of gravity, particularly in which two gravitational bodies are far larger than the third. These points in space are also used as points of stability with regard to equilibrium of gravitational forces between two orbiting bodies, such as the Earth and the Sun to enable enhanced observations.
So three of the 5 (‘libration’) points lie along the axis between the two bodies’ centres-of-gravity. From the diagram, L¹ is between the Earth and the Sun around 1 million miles from Earth, is currently occupied by SOHO, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (and Deep Space Climate Observatory) satellite.

At the L² position, a million miles along the line away from the Sun, the James Webb telescope has assumed station there, also around a million miles from earth. (This replaces NASA’s WMAP satellite measuring cosmic background radiation of the universe). Points L1-3 are still by and large precariously balanced so that continual minor adjustments have to be made to their positions; L4 and 5 are stable ‘like a ball in a bowl’ according to Neil deGrasse Tyson (quoted at Space.com).

As can be seen, these symbols all have similar geometries; from the Lagrange points in space at which the gravitational fields between the Sun, Earth and Moon are in some form of stasis, meaning such zones can be used to ‘anchor’ satellites, such as the James Webb telescope; the architectural plan of Chartres cathedral; the inner are of the Vesica Piscis, one of the most important symbols of cosmic number, and ‘sacred architecture’; and from Sumerian cylinder seals and stelae, the symbol for the palm tree, and fruit, denoting that which is sacred or ‘of the gods’, and of the essence of life. The Great Pyramid, as one of the finest examples of such in the world, is based closely upon the same ‘double-triangle’ rhombus of the Vesica, as the diagrams below shows.

That the measure of the Pyramid make it 1/11 of a mile in height, and in ratio of 1: 43,200 to the polar axis of the world is proof in the minds of many of the high, (even cosmic) consciousness of the designers of the edifice; an incredible circumstance which would be hard to believe were it not for the many amazing features of the building’s design and construction and location, which few structures in the world can match.

The Greeks, Egyptian, Hebrew and the Indian cultures all considered this concept to be important, and termed this an ‘omphalos’ point, whether of the region or the country or the ‘world’. This manner of basing all proportions and dimensions of the churches, etc on a geometrically derived centre-point ensured that the ‘inner’ geometry of the building(s) resonated to the ever-evolving proportions of the non-rational square roots of 2, 3 and 5, in particular, rather than the full integer proportions, such as 4/7 or 5/8, which are completely definable.
Such an attitude may seem arbitrary or without sound basis, but it is worth remembering that these key tenets of architecture were applied by the Sumerian, Egyptian, Indian, Judaic, Greek and Roman civilizations…

Also, as we shall see, these square roots are closely entwined with many other mathematical forms and functions, such as Pi and Phi in a way that few others are…indicating potentially the main reason for their usage.

So Gordon Strachan explains that like Vitruvius, (and as Feng Shui proponents in China still do), the architects would locate the navel-point of the site – often directly over a running subterranean watercourse, which provides a connection with natural ‘infinite’ forces in like manner to the irrational roots in maths – and then design the building outwards to the desired orientation. And often from antiquity onwards the architects of the site used dowsing to pinpoint the optimal point on the surface at which to locate the building’s centre.

In doing so their designers were placing them upon significant energy points within the country itself – or in each nation/area’s own ‘omphalos’ where energy flowed upwards from the Earth’s energy fields and into the building – thus connecting the Earth, the temple and its occupants in significant ways.

Curiously, the location of the navel was often determined with reference to two central features; firstly the usages of the church builders of the past; the first Christian church at Chartres c600 Ad for example was built over the remains of what had been a Temple of Dionysus – and Chartres was a centre for worship/veneration of Mary in the first millennium; so it was a sacred site for already more than a thousand years even by the year 1256. Notre-Dame de Paris, just fifty miles away, was said to have been a Temple of Diana in Roman times, then of St Denis, and was consecrated in 1260, making these two very much products of the same time and possibly craftsmen and builders.

The siting of the church, or temple was most likely – perhaps from the period of the first Neolithic sites across Europe and the world – very specifically aimed at a certain place upon the Earth’s surface, relative to the country and the entire globe – meaning there was possibly some form of consciousness of a world-wide energy grid at some level of design…

In the case of Chartres, it is a fact that directly beneath the navel of the site, the central crossing of the church, there is an underground chamber or ‘grotto’, through which runs – a stream. In fact it is considered that even in pre-Christian times the druids believed Chartres to be a highly special site, giving worship in the underground grotto that held the ‘sacred spring’.(sacredland.org website) Within this grotto since the cathedral was built has been kept one of the widely known ancient carved-wood icons, one of the ‘vierges noire’, the Black Madonnas, possibly so named because of their surface appearance. The placement in this ‘arbor’ indicates how central to the original architects the siting of the church over an underground water course was held to be. (See left – Black Madonna painting of Czestochowa, Poland).

The reasons are debated in many areas of study, but it is possible to conjecture the following analogy. As the transcendent square roots and numbers are held to be connected to higher dimensions because of their method of ‘unfolding’ ie in their infinite nature, likewise an underground water course adds energy to a site in a way explainable in terms of the natural flow of energies through the earth’ surface via ‘dragon’ lines…
So in a way a water course brings a sense of energy flowing to a site or special building, in a continuous way. Rather as the umbilical cord does between the mother and the child within. Hence the term ‘Omphalos’/’umbilicus’ for such central sites in Egypt, Greece, India, antiquity-era Europe and so on…
NB – from a Gurdjieff perspective we find in the birth of a child from its parents the beginning of a ‘new octave’ – a doubling of the life-energies from each of its parents. And so the central phenomenon of the (umbilical) cord – feeding the baby in the womb is highly descriptive of the uniting and creation of new octaves of life…

Incredibly the Black Madonna in the shrine beneath the cathedral, the grotto with the running water source, is called Notre-Dame de Sous-Terre; ‘Our Lady of Under the Earth’ personifies many of the themes discussed in this and other chapters – as shown in the Etymology section, the first deity who was a hybrid ‘man/fish’ or serpent was Enki/Ea, ‘he who loved water’. Much the same as Oannes, the ‘hybrid’ Annedoti* leader described by the priest and historian Berossus in 3rd century Bce Babylon.(*meaning ’the repulsive ones’) One of the main symbolic epithets of Enki is Lord of the South; meanings attached to this include; the southern hemisphere of predominantly oceans; mines and metallurgy; the depths of the earth and the underworld; as ‘the tripartite division of the world to Enlil, Anu and Enki represents mind, heart and stomach in Sumerian mythology, ‘south’ represents the (subconscious and reptilian) centres of the stomach, concerned with survival, reproduction and skills of crafts/technology; and the ‘abyss’, the ‘ap-su’, which represents both the (cosmic) telluric forces within the earth, and those of deep space also, which is ‘the abyss’ in its fullest meaning. So the incredible part is not the close links between the Black Madonna, the underground grotto, the water source and the cathedral overhead. (like the ‘well of seven’ Bethel in the Bible, an omphalos/ higher dimensional gateway located/sanctified by a marker stone/ edifice), but that the word ‘sud’ meaning ‘South’ has links to words used today like subterranean, subconscious, and sub-marine (symbolized in the Bible by Tiamat, and other ‘sea-monsters’ which link to the reptilian subconscious among other things). The ‘underworld’ is a region overseen by some of the Sumerian deities including Enki, Ningishzidu and Dumuzi/ Tammuz, and while dark, is not symbolic of evil or ‘the devil’ as such, but a place where the waters of ‘the abyss’ which fertilize the earth are stored. A concept replicated in the Foundation Stone of the Temple at Jerusalem, placing the church over the centre-point of the Earth where the waters of the abyss well-up.

The darkness is that of the subconscious and instinctive centres – as is supported by the fact of the subterranean forces present in underground caves etc linked to the Temple of Apollo at Delphos, Greece; home of the Pythia, the female ‘seer’ or priestess who foretold destinies and saw the essential characters of those consulting the oracle. The (hidden) healing energies present within the subconscious of the instinctive centre are also represented by the Black Madonna; and the reverence for the Madonnas and for Mary in Christianity around the world show the female nurturing aspects of divinity are sought out by women, and men, of all types. And of course, the Black Madonnas are very nearly always depicted holding their new-born child in their arms. Interestingly, many of the earliest Madonnas, or representations of the Blessed Virgin Mary were called ‘Our Lady of the Pillar’, dating back as early as the 4th century, while at Chartres this was the name of a second Black Madonna kept there from at least the Middle Ages. While various explanations exist, it may have some inherent connection to the already mentioned Egyptian city of Pillars; Heliopolis, ‘city of the Sun’ – considering the Black Madonnas may be seen to be linked in nature with the powers of the Sun, perhaps offering one interpretation of the words of the female narrator of the Song of Solomon; “I am black, but comely”. These themes may be seen as uniting the subterranean conduits (as at Chartres ‘grotto’) with the solar energies of the world which flow through them; the ‘marriage of male and female energies’.

One related point is the relationship of the oak tree to sacred sites, and myths of many cultures (such as the Judeo-Christian, Indian, Chinese, Siberian/shamanic, druidic and Celtic, Greek, Roman, Meso-American, Norse, Baltic, and Slavic cultures) related to the ‘world tree’/axis/Yggdrasil; the curiosity is the relationship between the oak – underground water (of life) – sacred sites (symbolized by ‘foundation’ stones) – and (in the Tarot) the lightning bolt or (in the Bible) the fire of the heavens…

There are some telling instances in the books of the Bible, where these relationships are linked metaphorically; so there are multiple instances in which can be seen; water – trees – stones – sacred sites – angels/ the heavens.

This subject has been studied by authors such as Sir Norman Lockyer regarding the ubiquity of sacred springs, streams, and wells throughout the ancient world. Often, he notes, these springs and groves had a revered tree upon which small ribbons or pieces of paper or cloth were hung, as prayers or marks of worship.
In emphasizing the presence of a stone, the Bible’s writers were perhaps alluding to the presence of sacred buildings located at these ‘umbilical’ sites throughout the world. The square/cubic nature of the stone, and the axial nature of the tree in the narratives of the Old Testament link the material plane with both the energies represented by water, and by the ‘fire’ of the angels.
So with Jacob, dreaming of a ladder to heaven, it is marked by the stone he sleeps with his head upon. After a night of dreams and visions, he calls the place Beth-el; the ‘house of God’ (Genesis28;11-19);

“(and Jacob)…lighted upon a certain place, and tarried there all night; and he took of the stones of that place, and put them for his pillows. And he dreamed, and behold a ladder set up on the earth; and the top of it reached to heaven; and behold the angels of God ascending and descending on it. And behold, the Lord stood above it, and said, I am the Lord God of Abraham thy father, and the God of Isaac; the land whereon thou liest, to thee will I give it… And Jacob awakened and he said, Surely the Lord is in this place; and I knew it not. And he was afraid, and said, How dreadful is this place! This is none other but the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven. And Jacob rose up early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put for his pillows, and set it up for a pillar, and poured oil upon the top of it. And he called the name of that place Beth-el…”

Genesis35.13-15; “And God went up from him in the place where he talked with him. And Jacob set up a pillar in the place where He talked with him, even a pillar of stone; and he poured a drink offering thereon, and he poured oil thereon. And Jacob called the name of the place where God spake with him, Beth-el”.

Just prior to this; Gen35.7-9; “And he built there an altar, and called the place El-beth-el; because God there appeared unto him… But Deborah was buried there, and she was buried beneath Beth-el under an oak; and the name of it was Allon-Buccoth (the Oak of weeping/ remembrance). And God appeared unto Jacob again…and blessed him”.

There are several other examples repeating the metaphorical themes involved; 1Kings19.4 for example, or Joshua24.26;

“And Joshua wrote these words in the book of the law of God, and took a great stone, and set it up there under an oak, that was by the sanctuary of the Lord”.

Judges6.11-12; “And there came an angel of the Lord, and sat under an oak which was in Ophrah. And the angel of the Lord appeared unto him (Gideon), and said unto him, The Lord is with thee, thou mighty man of valour”.

A point of interest is the semantic relation of the oak tree, as mentioned, to the ‘world tree’ or ‘axis of the heavens and the world’… indeed there is a linguistic connection between oak/ox/axis (all representing the strength of the spine/ backbone/ world-tree), and the octave (representing the doubling of energies within the self, through the seven energy centres called the chakras), and so on. And modern anatomy confirms the importance of this part of the body, as the lower rear part of the skull is the Occipital bone, covering the occipital lobe of the brain, at the point where the brain stem enters the cranium. As the law of seven demands, the occipital bone is one of seven bones that fuse together through adolescence to form the skull in the adult human!
Chinese Tai Chi wisdom likewise labels the part of the Microcosmic Orbit at the back of the head and the top of the spine the Occipital Gate. And as the Egypt chapter will show, there are clear indications within the internal structures/ geometries of the Great Pyramid that the designers knew of the (symbolic?) importance of this point; and that likewise, Giza’s equivalent geographic position was by no means an accident, but comes at the exact point where the ‘spine’ of the Nile blossoms into the ‘brain-stem’ of the Nile-delta…
Etymology sites state the word ‘occiput’ is formed from the two Latin stems ‘ob’; behind, and ‘caput’; head. This site obviously considers the etymology given as being more accurate. So for example, the Latin word for bone – oss – is considered to have evolved from the Mesopotamian and/or Proto-Indo-European languages basis ak*- from which ox, axis, oak and octave all derived. Thus meaning bones are seen as ‘points of arising/ origin/ centre/ foundation/ axes of ‘ the body upon which muscles, tendons, nerves, ligaments and skin etc are able to then ‘grow’. PIE shows the links between Sanskrit of India, and European languages, including Germanic, Greek, Baltic, Slavic, Celtic, etc; what links may have existed in antiquity to Near Eastern languages and civilizations, including Mesopotamia and Iran in particular, are unclear.

• ‘to do; to place; to make something with’ ie. origin/ source/ framework/point of growth.
  That bones are seen as a connecting axis, is reflected in Cos# interpretation of the number 8, (Latin – octa); for it is situated mid-way between the number of the ‘divine spheres’ (12) and that of the material world (4); a reality often found in (sacred) architecture where the octagon is used as a conduit between the two levels…

In physiological terms the spine is the key information superhighway through which all senses and inner stimuli are channelled, In the form of electrical nerve impulses to the centres of the brain – which in return govern the vast complex of tasks which must be sent down the spine en route to every single cell in the body…

This miracle of complex functions and constant signals occupies a number of impulses per second estimated to be c.100 million every second of our lives… so whereas we can go three weeks without food, three days without water, and approximately three minutes without air, we cannot go three seconds without ‘impressions’, as Gurdjieff called instinctive-centre stimuli or information.

(If we invert this ‘mnemonic’, we can begin to see the links between ancient ‘wisdom/ philosophy’, and modern psychology/ physiology.

For we find > food – EARTH, water – WATER, breath – AIR, and nervous system – FIRE.

So the spine occupies a central often overlooked role in our life – and bears equivalence to the axis of the ‘world tree’, which is rooted in the physical earth, and reaches to the heavens. Something it is clear the works of antiquity understood, and incorporated into the metaphors used, in the Bible and elsewhere, reflecting the dictum that ‘man was made in God’s image’.
As we shall see later, Chinese philosophy and martial arts placed great emphasis from the earliest beginnings on these concepts – so the words Tai Chi themselves can be interpreted as ‘supreme heaven-earth pole’. (Likewise ‘duran-ki’, one of Sumer’s central cities, meant ‘supreme heaven-earth bond’, highlighting the links between Sumer and China again).

It is not coincidental that the (ancient) practices of Tai Chi aim to always strengthen the practitioner’s spine, through gentle exercises, good posture conditioning, stretching, conscious awareness, massage, body and ear acupuncture, and so on. The spine is seen to be central to our ability to create and receive the cosmic energies of life. To support this point of the desirability of perfecting the stance and posture is the Chinese saying, ‘A temple is built from the foundations upwards.’

SIDE-BAR; And this of course refers equally to how TCMA build the ‘temple of the self’, the body; the Chinese model of self-development differs essentially from those long-prevalent in Western nations. Western notions of strength have often focussed on building the muscles of the upper torso, the arms and shoulders and chest. The posture of chin up, shoulders back, chest out, stomach in and legs straight may give the appearance of strength, but is virtually the opposite of what TCMA consider to be good practices.
As said, the Chinese/Tai Chi model encourages growth from the ground up. Why? Firstly, it is to ensure the proponent is well-rooted, as our connection with the ground begins from the feet upwards. There are energy centres for Qi within the crown of the head, the palm of the hands, and the soles of the feet (called ‘bubbling wells’ in the feet). So every moment we are absorbing earth energies into our system via these centres; and putting used/ refined energies back out into the ground. The well trained conditioned Tai Chi adherent thus aims to be as ‘well-rooted’ on the ground as he or she can be. This ensures optimal energetic exchange, for health, plus in combat situations/performance of martial arts ‘forms’ the person has a much more complete ‘connection to’ the ground.

Further emphasis on the strength of the legs comes from keeping the knees slightly bent at most times, the shoulders down, and the chest relaxed and ‘open’. All these things enable a much lower centre-of-gravity, as well as much stronger legs (hips/ thighs/ knees/ calves/ ankles/ feet/ toes !) The spine is held as straight as possible over this lower stance, while the shoulders are marginally curved forwards (rather like a coat hanger.) From this breathing is open (the chest/head pulled back Western model reduces breathing capacity/ability) and deep and relaxed (while the straight spine helps maintain a free solar plexus area for freer breathing at the top of the stomach…)
The relaxed breathing and stomach, at all times enable movement in all directions, the stomach being the centre-of-gravity in each of the 3 axes of movement. And not coincidentally, the stomach (centre of gravity of the body) is where the foremost energy centre of the body is situated, the Dan Tien, meaning the Elixir (Qi) Field (centre).
The body is thus ideally (well) rooted, strong in all parts of the legs and hips, with stomach chest and shoulders relaxed and ‘open’ and chin slightly down.
From this, the muscles and ligaments etc are relaxed and ready for action, and likewise all the energetic pathways of the body are free-flowing and open, meaning potential is optimal and ready.
And contrary to older Western notions of muscular effort and tension, the body has the greatest power (and health) when it is performing in a state of (steady) relaxation. Even punches become stronger (counter-intuitively) when the arm and hand are as relaxed as possible…

Hence a lower stance – and a strong ‘foundation’ – is continually strived for in Tai Chi, because of the benefits of good posture, energetically and physically. More on this later in the year.

To begin with the location of the Great Pyramid, and the entire site at Giza, this is located at 29.979°N, in other words the site is little more than a mile from the 30th parallel north. Giza is based on a layer of bedrock which highly unusually is of level disposition; and while being particularly thin is still the ideal foundation for the siting of the Pyramid complex, which occupies several miles square, providing a stable and strong foundation for the complex which has proved to offer protection from the dangers of earthquake, subsidence, or erosion.
(There is one ‘hillock’ or ‘imperfection’ in this level bedrock, to be found in a 30ft rise of the rock towards one corner of the site. And the builders of the Pyramids used this as the base for the pyramid of Khafre itself, turning a ‘problem’ into a solution, namely in anchoring the pyramid firmly upon and around this rise…) As Graham Hancock notes, in the building of this pyramid to the four cardinal points of the compass, to high degrees of accuracy, both in terms of orientation and side lengths, the most efficient way of preparing the proposed walls and stone courses would have been to put cord lengths crosswise from opposing corners, ie in an X style of layout….
But quite how they could have accurately done this with a large mound, to the height of a modern house in the centre of the site, remains as one of any number of unexplained achievements in the building of the pyramids.

To return to the geography of Giza, two points arise in relation to this latitude. Firstly, as many observers have noticed, the site at Giza occupies a unique position in the map of the world – and for this reason of its physical centrality, as well as its immense stores of knowledge contained within its design, features and construction – many have argued from the 19th.c onwards that Giza would be the best place for which the ‘zero’ degree line of Longitude for the planet should be sited – rather than Greenwich England, which has been the ‘prime meridian’ since 1884.

And as Colin Wilson and fellow researcher Rand Flem De’Ath argued convincingly, when this line is sited upon Giza, an entire network of sacred sites around the planet are found to be in harmonic alignment with each other, and with Giza – indicating the existence of a planet wide energy grid which disseminates its (life)forces in mathematically resonant/ meaningful ways…

An interesting corollary of this is the following point; upon dividing an equilateral triangle as in Ad Triangulum, if we draw lines through each apex to the midpoint of the base (or from the centre of each square forming the cube) we have a mid-point which extends in six directions. This can be called the midpoint of the three dimensions, and further to this, may be viewed as the ‘seventh point’ which is considered to be a unifying point of the three dimensions.

The geometries of the cube, as contained within the hexagon (a), is the keys of St Peter (b) which are effectively identical in outline. Similar geometries can be found on the markings of many medical symbols, as seen on ambulances (c).

The symbol for medical aid is based on the Rod of Asclepius within the star figure (c), and the Caduceus (d), two serpents twined around a central axis. This geometry is a longstanding representation of the expression of energy through matter… (the central axis may be read as being the spine, with the cross-over points representing energy-centres or chakras, and the two wings being the two hemispheres of the brain. The top of the staff is symbolic of the ‘third eye’, or the pineal gland).
And of course, the caduceus was first invented or drawn not by modern civilization, but dates back to Greek and Egyptian usages, particularly of ‘asclepions’ – places of healing. Asclepius, the Greek mythical deity of healing who was the ‘son of Apollo’ and a mortal woman, and delivered by ‘Caesarian’ in myth, was represented by the ‘rod of Asclepius’, a staff held vertically with a serpent entwined around it; much like the Nehushtan created by Moses in the Bible at Num21.6-9. The Caduceus created also probably by the Greeks in the first centuries Ad, is the emblem of Hermes/ Mercury, and relates to astronomy, alchemy, and commerce/ communication. Previous, and possibly related symbolic representations of two serpents intertwining around a central axis similar to these exist in Sumerian, and Chinese history; Ningishzida in Sumer, FuXi and NaKua in China.

The second point regarding the siting of the pyramids practically on top of the 30th parallel North, is the following piece of information; this is the relation of the latitude (the number of degrees angle from the Equator at which the site is placed.) to the Speed of Light. For the latitude of the Giza site to the degree of accuracy given is an exact match;

⇦ The apex of the Great Pyramid, Giza lies at 29.9792°N / 31.1342°E

  and the speed of light = 299,792,458 m/second.

Many people consider this an inevitable coincidence, considering the immense number of coordinates created by the network of pyramids across Giza and Egypt… but it can be argued that considering the geometry involved in the design of sites, at the ‘navel-point’ of a nation, indeed the mid-point of the continents of the world, and the complex geometries within the pyramids, argue well for a (uniquely) high level of consciousness, knowledge and intelligence – in the siting and designing (and likewise inexplicable feats of building) of these incredible works of technology and art.

There are a great many theories concerning the encoding of advanced intelligence and science within the measurements of the pyramids, particularly the Great Pyramid. While finding many points of interest, and potential study in these details of measure and proportion, it is a subject best approached with a sceptical and open mind; the Victorian astronomer and scientist who studied the Gt Pyramid with the most accurate scientific measures known at that time, Charles Piazzi Smith, found it needful to caution against finding more meaning in the said measurements than reason could satisfactorily prove – while it is clear that there are many aspects of the Great Pyramid, and Giza which are effectively beyond all current understanding of science.

So, to return to our map of the world’s landmass, we can trace the centrality of the site of Giza using this ‘centre of the three dimensions’ symbol – the centre of the cube; the Egyptian creation of which bears some indication that the designers of the pyramids and the complex at Giza knew the geometries involved in energy transmission, even within organic life, and the human frame – and of the geography of the Earth… while the Great Pyramid itself was built within a geometric complex oriented precisely to the cardinal points of the compass, to the rising of the Sun, and to certain constellations and stars, and in proportion to the measurements of the Earth, particularly 1 ; 43,200.
There are a couple of points regarding the siting of Giza on the 30th parallel which are significant.
Firstly, if we examine measurements of latitude and so on, we find the following –

EQUATOR; Diameter 7960 m Circumference 24,883 m
” 12814 km ” 40,258 km
3O° N; Diameter 6845 m. Circumference 21,506 m
” 11,013 km ” 34,600.2 km

From this a couple of interesting facts arise. Firstly, the figure of the circumference of the world at 30°N is of interest, at 34,600.2 kilometres length; we have seen how 345.6 is a cos# value related to 432, 864, 1732 and so on. In the Egypt section we see how the Grand Gallery is the (upper) ‘spine’ of the inner structure, if the entirety is divided into four levels; basement (instinctive centre) / ground level (stomach/ moving centre). Queen’s Chamber (heart/ emotions level), and King’s Chamber (head/ mind level)… and the measures of the Gallery are significant too, so that its maximum height is 288 inches, or 34.56 feet, while it is 153 feet in length. Another example of the Cube symbolism examined already in relation to Giza’s position at the centre of the world is reflected in the Grand Gallery’s ‘mi-fa’ line on its wall (designed with seven levels representing the octave)/ the centre axis of the Pyramid/ the North facing star shaft all crossing each other in the same pattern, at what is clearly a key symbolic point within the entire edifice; as can be seen, the centre line passes from the basement area up through the exact centre of the Queen’s Chamber and its apex to the point 61.7 inches (symbolic of the Phi value of 61.8 units) from where the Grand Gallery levels off for the Ante Chamber and King’s Chamber.

This value of 345/346 is not just contained within the key measures of the pyramid but crops up in numerous places; indeed, due to spherical geometry, where at the equator,1 degree of Longitude has a length of 69.1 miles/° (24,883/360) (so that 1/720 of the Earth’s Eq.circumference = 34.56 miles, itself 4 x 8.64 – thus connecting all to the 432 / 864 harmonic), at the latitude of 30°, a degree of longitude measures almost precisely 60 miles per degree.
In fact it is 21,506/360 = 59.9 miles/°. Which thanks to the sexagesimal system created by the Sumerian civilization means that 1 minute of longitude therefore equals exactly 1 mile…

Another point to note in this respect is that in kilometres, if we divide the equatorial circumference of the Earth by 360, we obtain a figure that = 111.2 km/° (!) this value again! And curiously the Escape Velocity of the Earth, at 11.186 km/sec; also close to half √5 (2.236/ 2 = 1.11 81), and the fraction therefore used to obtain Phi of 161.8 as shown in the Squared Circle section.

One of the most significant measures in the Vesica, is as mentioned, that the height of the mid-line is 86.6% of the height of the circle(s), ie √3/2. As mentioned, the Vesica contains two triangles of equal length on all sides, (and equal to each other), and it is upon this the Ad Triangulum system is based.

From this diagram the following measures can be obtained, if the diameter (AM) of the circle = 100, and the radius (DM) = 50 units.

AB = 50
AE = 25
AC = 28.8
AD = 50
AM = 100
AL = 86.6
AG = 25

Other measures include; GC = CE = 14.4, CD = CA = 28.8, BF = 86.6 (ie, 6 x 14.43), CL = 57.7, GE = ED = 25, BE = 43.3 as half of that, and BN = 100. E to the point on the line between L and M, (or M and N) = 4.5 of the 6 triangles of 14.4 comprising 86.6 units; therefore this = 64.8; an interesting value as 360/ 64.8 = 5.555, or 360 / 32.4 = 11.111, etc. The one and a half triangles thus equal just over 21.6 units, another cos#, as 216.
It can be seen that as AG = 25 = 86.6% of AC or AE, as a height: hypotenuse ratio of each equilateral triangle, so a triangle of 12.5 units height has a hypotenuse of 14.4 3 units, ie CE.
The hexagon of the circle divides into exactly 6 triangles (equal in size to the two within the Vesica; each of these triangles has 12 sub-triangles within it (12 half-triangles and 6 full ones), making a total of 72 for the full circle, (yet another indication of why the value of 72 is so important within sacred number and geometry, as well as its many applications within reality).
Each large triangle in the Vesica ABD, BDL, LDM, MDN etc) can be divided with lines from each corner to the mid-point of the opposite line (BCE, GCD, etc). The midpoint where these 3 lines meet (C) is not at the centre of the triangle; in fact it is at a point where each line is divided into 1/3 and 2/3 sections. So as the height of the triangle is 43.3, it is short work to calculate the length of these divisions as; (GC)1/3 = 14.43, and (CD) 2/3 = 28.86 units. This is the basic unit of the hexagon, and the triangles which form it; and 14.4 and 28.8 are key numbers in the cosmic# field (or as 144/288). That each unit is 14.43 is a reflection of the difference between the 86.6% length of the Vesica to the circles, and the 864 harmonic which is also a key harmonic.

Having noted how the circle has a diameter of 100, and therefore a circumference of 314.159 units, this makes each of the six sections of the circle circumference = 52.36 (ie, AB via the circumference, rather than AGB); and 52.36 is the exact measurement of the Egyptian Royal Cubit in centimetres (or 20.6 inches). (And as π/6 = 0.5236 x5 = 2.618 = ϕ² )…
Showing the basis for the ER Cubits length, linking it to both Pi, Phi and the hexagonal and duodecimal geometries under consideration.

With regard to the height length of the hypotenuse of each triangle of 12.5 units height, the 14.43 building block is related essentially to the 144,000 value given in the Bible as the number of inhabitants of the Heavenly City (Revelations7.4-9). This figure is an expression of the ‘divine’ character of the number 12, (or ‘duodecimal’ geometries), being twelve tribes with 12,000 in each.
Another example from the Bible is the figure 288, which is associated with the Creative energies of the universe; several writers/researchers in cos# related subjects have asserted the significance of 288, as a harmonic which represents the ‘emanation’ of the Logos, the Divine Word into the universe. So this number is linked to the pulse-beat of the universe; in the Old Testament this is represented by the following symbolism; on the day of the opening of the Temple of Jerusalem built by Solomon, (in 1Chronicles25.7) there are 288 singers (representing the powers of sound and harmonic frequencies at the heart of creation). When their voices and music resonate within the cubic geometries of the Holy-of-Holies the room is filled by a cloud (which is called the ‘Glory of God’). The Hebrew religion has extensive understandings of geometries and numerical frequencies/ relationships within reality. And the cube of the sacred space of the Temple is like the hexagon of the ‘Earth’ circle we are studying – viewed in 3D the hexagon represents a cube; (of material reality) upon which rests the circle ‘of the Heavens’.

This is not just the view of Hebrew philosophers; the holy shrine of Islam, the Dome on the Rock is exactly built according to these concepts – in the place where Solomon’s Temple was said to have been built before it was destroyed in the era of Christ by the Romans. And as we have seen, this site is a higher-dimensional gateway, a navel-point connecting the heavens and earth. So the value of 288 is connected to the cosmic energies which well up through the earth at this precise place on the Earth’s surface.
The writer G.Strachan studies the importance of this value and examines the work of Ernest Maclain; both assess the values of 72, 144, and 288 within the Bible as representing the octaves of the different sections of the Temple, with 288 being the ‘primal pulse of the Universe’, or the ‘Aum’; and the geometric proportions of the Temple’s three main areas represent these three values. Strachan also mentions that the average pulse beat of a human is 72 beats per minute… ie every 60 seconds, (meaning the rate per second is 1.2, or 6 beats per 5 seconds).
The ‘heavenly number’ 12, as noted, has been the number expressing totality for the houses of the Zodiac, the 12 tribes of Israel, the months of the year, the hours in the day and the night, and so on. The ‘heavenly’ nature of 12 has been also observed in Sumerian mythology (12 planets), Hebrew/Christianity, Greek (Plato and the Platonic Solids, concerning the geometric nature of atoms, or physical reality), and many other cultures.

(Concerned as the Bible was with the encoding of complex knowledge and esoteric/ geometric concepts, it is fair to consider whether the change in the numbers of the tribes of Israel, as two were lost, was pointing subtly to the key ‘cosmic’ proportion of 6:5, or 12:10).

The proportion of 10:12 – or 6/5 – or 1:1.2 comes from the conjunction of these ‘heavenly’ with ‘earthly’ number systems. For the ‘earthly’ measurement is done in base-10 maths, as being the most efficient ‘base’ for these physical dimensions. The figure of the 4/3/2/1 pyramid – the tetractys – is the best antique symbol of the ‘base-10’ reality; and significantly, is found in the Sumerian stela we are already considering, the Tree of Life – for to the right of it, a ‘god’ inserts a triangular/pyramidal symbol into the neck of a human from behind…into the spine, in other words, at the meeting point (the neck) between body and mind..!
This is a stunning image, and one of the most important from the ancient world which we have today.

Even in antiquity it was considered as one of the key expressions of cosmic guidance or even creation of human consciousness – and as such, was ‘faithfully’ copied across the Sumerian and related cultures, so that there are literally hundreds of different stelae from different places and times of the pre-Christianity millennia which reproduce this image, with greater or lesser artistic ability or ‘consciousness’…

There are more 6/5 harmonics throughout the most significant numbers
obtained in ‘ cosmic’ number, (such as 51.84, 61.81 (ϕ), 90, 144, 173.2, 216, 360, 432, 864,
1728, 3456 and so on.)

So for example the circle quadrant,
90 x 1.2 = 108
108 x 1.2 = 129.6 (see 12,960,000 period of time in Hindu yugas)
129.6 x 1.2 = 155.5 (see circles of 11,14, and 15.55 – or 5.5/ 7/ 7.77 x2, etc).

144 x 1.2 = 172.8 (86.4 x 2)
288 x 1.2 = 345.6
72 x 1.2 = 86.4
20 x 1.2 = 24
24 x 1.2 = 28.8… and so on.

Interestingly, 444.444 / 1.2 – 1.37035999206 (Fine Structure Constant) = 369. A number we see in other sections to be considered a highly significant cosmic# value, by such people as Nikolai Tesla and Georges Gurdjieff. (444.4444 is also 123.456789 x 1.2 x 3) …

And for 173.2 /1.2 = 144.3 showing the proximity of the two values (√3) 1.732/2 = .866, and .864 x 2 = 1.728; 172.8 /1.2 = 144 = 12²).

Further, we have; 360 x 1.2 = 432
432 x 1.2 = 518.4 – the angle of the Great Pyramid (51.84°), and 72² (5184), etc.

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And indeed if we refer back to our original plan of the Great Pyramid, there are some very interesting similarities. Thus the passages from the entrance to the Grand Gallery and the Kings Chamber – in addition to the ‘inner shafts’ beyond the chamber which reach to the inner edge (but not through the courses of the pyramid) – clearly can be said to resemble the inner division of a triangle into 3 crossing lines which meet at the centre.

And from a slightly different perspective of the same central area of the Vesica more information can be derived; if the triangles comprising the Tree of Life diagram (which we have just seen in their ‘harmonic’ aspects) are extended within a circle of radius equal to the height of each larger triangle – ie 43.3 units – each triangle of the centre area can be continued to the circumference. In doing so a ‘Star of David’ (fig.b) is formed with all six points on the circumference of the circle of 43.3 units radius, instead of the ‘diamond’ of the triangles within just the central zone (as in fig.a). And following the fractal nature of the inner triangles, two ‘inner’ stars can likewise be formed within the centre region of the outer star;

This diagram shows some curious features, related in particular to the Great Pyramid (figs. c & d); using this template the inner triangles of the ‘diamond’ can be viewed as closely related to the template of the structures inside the Pyramid; from the entrance-way a passage leads downwards, to a point where it levels. A distance along this horizontal passage at the centreline of the pyramid is a downward pointing space – the ‘bottomless pit’ as it is called occasionally. The passage continues on past the Subterranean Chamber for a short distance.

In the pyramid the Ascending and Descending passageways diverge at a point exactly 1110 inches from the entranceway, as measured by Petrie. And the angles of both are painstakingly equal, at just under 26°, matching the pyramid’s full angle of slope, which is assessed to be 51.74° – thus the inner passageways are fractal representations of the pyramid’s slope, reflecting the geometric symbol in this way.

Going upwards from the entrance the first level where there is a horizontal passage, leading to the Queen’s Chamber. Again, the Queen’s Chamber points upwards (the niche) precisely on the central axis of the pyramid. The Ascending Passage continues upwards, in the Grand Gallery to a point where it reaches the level of the Ante Chamber, then the King’s Chamber.

There are some slight differences in how the King’s Chamber etc are designed, in comparison to the template, and yet the upward triangle of the innermost ‘star of David’ does bear resemblance to the ‘Relieving Chambers’ above the King’s Chamber. The ‘star-shafts’ may be equated with the centreline running from the corner of the base of the largest triangles upwards to the centre of their opposite lines; or equally, the lines running upwards across the top of the innermost triangle… thus providing both Queen’s and King’s shafts to both sides. The nebulae of Orion may be relevant to the inner structure of the Great Pyramid, in the resemblance to the ‘well-shaft’ feature of the pyramid, which runs vertically from the subterranean passageway through the rock and aggregate up to the level of the Queen’s Chamber. Equally, or even more similarly, the inner (right-hand) lengths of the smallest six-pointed star in the diagram may be seen to take a course similar to the well-shaft…
One of the key features (examined in more depth in the Egypt section) is the cross-over point of the Grand Gallery, the central axis, and the North-facing ‘star-shaft’ from the King’s Chamber. Lines on the template also may be likened to the other three star-shafts of the Great Pyramid.
In all, it might be said that about fourteen or fifteen points of similarity exist; certainly a theory worth considering.

And there are further possible theoretical connections to be considered from this idea of the design of the Great Pyramid, and the geometric patterns within the Vesica.
For if the fractal nature of the triangles formed within the Tree of Life geometries (the vertical; horizontal; vertical, pattern etc) is studied, it may be represented as a ‘diamond’ which has a peak, three points along the ‘belt‘ at the middle horizontal axis (being the two corners plus the mid-point), and the peak of the triangle underneath. This pattern can then be repeated as the inner triangles are, in a fractal manner. And there is one constellation in the night-skies of the northern hemisphere which displays similarly ‘geometric symmetries’; and that is Orion.

(left) the inner geometries of the Vesica and the hexagon as related to Orion; ie the main outline is comparable to the points B as Betelgeuse – AED as Orion’s Belt – and F as Rigel, as shown in the image of Orion below.

Firstly, in comparing the Pyramid with the Vesica’s geometries, is what is called the ‘Well-shaft’ in the Pyramid; this can be seen to be the same as the line which ‘bends upwards’ from a point along the horizontal basement passage up to the point where the Ascending Passage becomes the horizontal level of the Queen’s Chamber…
In fact this part of the Pyramid has further metaphorical connections; if the entire inner structure of the pyramid is based upon the ‘geometries’ of Orion, this curved ‘well-shaft’ just outside the central area of Orion’s Belt may be considered to be a representation of one of the nebulae which are located within the region of Orion; regions of vast cosmic gas-clouds which gradually coalesce with time, and the forces of gravity, into planets or stars…

(left) Orion with main stars emphasized. Orion’s sword, hanging from the belt contains several collections of stars; the Orion nebular, (M42), the M43 nebula, the Running Man nebula, and individual stars. The wider clouds of interstellar dust and hydrogen gas molecules that form nebulae are visible around Orion (in the picture left), indeed the M42 Orion nebula within the sword is the largest visible nebula in the night sky. It is also a primary star-making nebula where stars are formed from the vast areas of gas as it coalesces into spherical shape, and then ignites; much like our Sun did five billion years ago…

There are some arguments that the complex of pyramids within Giza are related to Orion. Firstly, the theory from the writers Gilbert and Bauval in the 1990’s which caused such an upset in the world of Egyptian studies… they maintained that firstly, the ground-plan of the three main pyramids at Giza was designed deliberately to reflect the line of the three stars of Orion’s Belt whereby the two larger stars are aligned, and the third is off-set to a small degree so that there is a slight variation from a straight line.

This is by no means unreasonable, especially considering the veneration the Egyptian religion of that era had for Osiris, the deity equivalent to Orion (as Isis was to Sirius). The two authors went further in this, maintaining that the star-shafts of the Great Pyramid were designed at such angles as to have been intentionally pointed to Orion and Sirius at the time the pyramids were built.
This was ‘supported’ by the use of computer apps which can compute the night skies position at any time; so the position of constellations or stars at dawn on the spring equinox – the beginning of the solar year in ancient Egypt – were calculated in this way.

But objections were raised, based on the lack of decisive evidence, as well as the fact that some of the relevant star-shafts are not straight lines, but bend and divert along their routes by considerable degrees. Whether the outward ‘line’ of the shafts is made unascertainable by these inner divergences (due mainly to structural obstacles) is a matter for personal opinion really. But Gilbert and Bauval, despite receiving much academic criticism over the years certainly inspired a massive amount of interest and enthusiasm for the modern awareness of Egypt, and the pyramids and temples built there throughout antiquity; as well as pointed to a link between Egyptian architecture and the heavens which was under-researched prior to this.

Was the constellation of Orion so significant in this era? It is certainly mentioned in the Bible, one of only a few constellations named (along with Arcturus, and the Pleiades), although only a few times. So for instance, it is mentioned in the Book of Job at 38.31 as the Lord speaks of his powers;

‘Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?’

(It is interesting to note that even then in pre-Christian times Orion was viewed as being ‘banded’, or in geometrical form). And this neatness or orderliness, as contained within the symbolism of the Great Pyramid is part of its mythology; indeed the etymology of Orion contains within its term the Sumerian/Babylonian word for ‘the light of the Heavens’; ‘Ur-Anna’. The Hebrew word for light is even today ‘Or’. As we see in the Etymology section, many words stem from this meaning of light, including the French word ‘or’ meaning ‘gold’. Likewise Latin ‘orire’ ‘arise’ or ‘originate’; and Latin ‘ora’ meaning ‘cord’ – and so on. Even order, as in the divine dispensation, orchestrate, organic and so on are linked to the life-giving powers of the light of the heavens.

And the Bible has another passage which may be referring to Orion; when YHVH casts Adam and Eve out Eden, (Gen 3.23-24);

‘Therefore the Lord God sent him forth from the Garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken. So he drove out the man, and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden cherubim, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the Tree of Life.’

It is not unreasonable to consider that the words here relate as much to a stellar setting as a terrestrial one. Indeed cherubim means ‘winged angel’ or ‘hybrid’, ‘winged beings’…immediately relating the siting of the ‘garden’ to the higher spheres… And the sword which turns may be interpreted in the sense that Orion turns in the night-sky, from being level with the horizon at first before rotating clockwise towards the vertical as the night sky changes…for as the three middle stars are said to represent Orion’s Belt, and the sword hanging from the belt formed by the Orion (M42) Nebula, etc (where stars are formed from vast clouds of interstellar gas), additionally the entire constellation can be viewed as a sword, with a hilt across the centre. And the ‘fiery’ nature of the sword in the biblical reference may in this way indicate the energies of celestial bodies such as those of the sun, or these stars and nebulae.

Additionally, the phrase ‘to keep the way of the Tree of Life’ gives reference not only to Tree of Knowledge in Eden, but the Tree of Life in Sumerian culture we have seen in other parts of this website is intimately connected to World Tree/axis concepts – and with surrounding figures, the relationship of the deities of Sumer to the creation of the completed human, ‘homo sapiens’, the original ‘Adam’.

So Orion’s inner mythology may well be concerned with some central aspects of the Bible, and the Great Pyramid; so that it may have been seen in terms of a ‘heavenly balance’ or ‘axis’ or ‘way’. Interestingly, Orion does lie close to the plane of the Milky Way, and is from Earth, very close to the celestial equator. Indeed this line, extended out from Earth’s equator outwards through space passes through Orion’s Belt itself (as well as many other constellations, obviously).

(above – Orion, the Celestial Equator, and the ecliptic of the Milky Way).
(left/ both) the Tree of Life stela, from Nimrud, Assyria, 865-860Bce, with the king Ashurnasirpal beside the Tree, and Shamash the sun deity, wearing the Anunnaki horned head-dress; or a winged Apkallu (one of the Seven Sages) behind him in several versions; from the British Museum. (below) a much older Sumerian or Akkadian precursor version of the same mythic tale/ symbolic allegory.

The Tree of Life as a concept arose first in the earliest civilization, Sumer of course, and passed along throughout the Near East, especially the Mesopotamian cultures, and from there to other people’s in contact with them; The Hebrews had a concept of the Tree of Life, as did then the early Christians; so in the Bible for example, the apocalyptic, mystical, and mystery-school related book of the Revelations of St John of Patmos describes it in the very last chapter of the Bible, at Revelations 22.2;
“In the midst of the street of it, and on either side of the river (of Life), was there the tree of life, which bare twelve manner of fruits, and yielded her fruit every month; and the leaves of the tree were for the healing of the nations”.

(left) engraving of the Tree of Life as described in the Bible/19th century print, from the Phillip Medhurst collection

Also significantly, it is possible to characterise the values of the Vesica’s two inner-triangles and the fractal ones inside them, as follows; see first of the diagrams below.

As we have seen, this double triangle geometry was at the heart of the Gothic ‘school’ of architecture; every building was centred upon a ‘navel-point’, from which the framework of the Ad Triangulum system was then derived, with important features such as central columns/pillars placed exactly upon the lattice-work ground plan. The navel-point would see the altar placed directly over this ‘energetic gateway’…

(below; a & b); diagrams of the Vesica with double triangles along the vertical and horizontal axes of the Vesica Piscis (the ‘Way’ or ‘Tree’ of Life).

(c); a diagrammatic representation of the measures of these inner triangles, in terms of height, hypotenuse, and width.

(d); photograph of the bas-relief the Sumerian Tree of Life, from ancient Nimrud, (Kalhu/ Calah in the Bible), Assyria, c.860Bce.

This symbolism-laden glyph was reproduced many hundreds of times throughout Mesopotamian history, making it one of the most significant symbols of antiquity, indeed entire books are written examining its iconography…

HEIGHT	HYPOTENUSE	WIDTH
43.3	50	25
25	28.8	14.4
14.4	16.66	8.33
8.33	9.64	4.82
4.82	5.55	2.77
2.77	3.21	1.60

In the diagram (c), the collective proportions are as follows;

a. √3/2: 1 or 0.866 : 1
b. 2 : 1 1 : 0.5
c. 1 : 2
d. 1 : √3/2 1 : 0.866
e. 3 : 2 1.5 : 1
f. 1 : √3 1 : 1.732
g. 1 : √3 1 : 1.732
h. 1 : √3 “
k. 2√3 : 1 3.46 : 1

Noteworthy ratios and measures appear throughout this diagram, in both the values obtained from the measurements of the symbol, as well as the proportions noted above; with the first and most significant being the key 43.3 and 86.6 % values, which connect the table closely to the 864/ 432 harmonics (of the Sun).
The 28.8 has the same value as the Bible’s number of singers and musicians (288) performing sacred music at the consecration of the Temple of Jerusalem; that the number has significance comes from the fact the events takes place in the cubic Holy-of-holies, at the geometric centre-point (or ‘quincunx’) of the space (and the room is located precisely over the Eben Shettiyah, the ‘cubic’ Foundation Stone in the basement, placed over the ‘abyss’ to keep the ‘waters’ in abeyance according to Hebrew myth. So it may be inferred occurs at the navel-point or centre of the cube of the chamber, at the navel point of the temple, at the navel point of Jerusalem, which was called the ‘navel point of the world’ from antiquity onwards, to this day). Within the inner triangles of the Vesica hexagon, as in fig.a above, each of the 72 triangles measures 14.4 3 units, making the progression to be; 28.8 (6), 43.3, 57.7, 72.2, and 86.6.

In keeping with the integral geometries of the hexagon in cosmic #, we see that the values of 1/6 (ie 0.1666), and its fractions such as 8.33 also play a central role in the Vesica’s double-triangles / Tree of Life. This figure of 8.33 is half of one-sixth of 1(00), or 1/6 /2 ie. 1/12th of 1(00). Or alternatively multiplied by 10 it is 10/12th of 100, ie 83.3 units. This reduces obviously to 5/6th of 100. It is curious that the same values exactly occur in the Squared Circle, as we have seen, among other examples. The value of 5.555 (1/18) as related to 11.11 (1/9), 16.66 (1/6), 22.22 (1/4.5), and to the square root of 1.2346789 (1.111) is likewise noticeable… a point to note is that 5.55 is exactly a quarter of 22.2; the number of the chapter and verse in Revelations concerning the ‘tree of life’.
Additionally, the 360 degrees of a circle divided by Phi (ϕ) the Golden Proportion (1.618) = 222.4 …(so that 180/ 1.618 = 111.2; a number likewise found in many instances connected to the subject, such as Matthew11.12).

The value of ‘k.’, at 2√3 : 1, or 3.46 : 1, is also of great interest, as noted earlier in this section. This is extremely close to 3.456, the ‘cosmic number’ value (of 86.4 x 4) which occurs repeatedly within significant aspects of the subject, for example half of one degree = 34.56 miles; the Grand Gallery in the Great Pyramid, the symbolic ‘spine’ or ‘way of life’ of the inner edifice, measures 288 inches, or 34.6 feet in height. In England the vertical axis line between the Isle of Wight and Holy Isle Lindisfarne measures 346.4miles in length….all indications that the innate value, and examples within the world hold significance due to its geometrical relationships to 864 harmonics (of geometry and the Sun), as well as values centred around multiples of 11, (such as 110, 220, 440 etc). These are in harmonic proportion to Pi (as halved fractions of the components of 22/7, ie. 11, 14, 5.5, 28, 44 and so on) as shown by 34.56/ Pi = 11.000789666… Incidentally, in the Golden Record placed within the Voyager I and II space-crafts in their indeterminate journeys through space, the human embryo is depicted at 3,456,000 seconds development; 40 days – and 5,184,000 seconds; 60 days..! One day of 24 hours is, of course, 86,400 seconds.

To hypothesize that the Sumerian and Assyrian Tree of Life was based upon the table’s values is a highly surprising conclusion to reach; and yet the similarities are inescapable. One conclusion of which (while remaining as such speculation), is that the ‘inspiration’ for the Sumerian/ Akkadian symbol was indeed ‘higher dimensional’, in understanding the meanings implicit within the Vesica; as indeed the symbols of the Vesica and the Tree of Life are representations of how these processes are made possible.

In addition to the obvious points of interest, several other noteworthy points occur within the Sumerian tableau of the Tree of Life. Study of the possible meanings of the Tree of Life stelae gives rise to a fascinating set of possible connections, centred around the theme of the ‘gods’ giving mankind (celestial) wisdom. This may be the intended meaning of the ‘god’ placing a pinecone into the brain of the human, at the rear of the head.

The significance of human intelligence and consciousness, as unique within all organic life, and possibly within the universe, is its potential to be both rooted in the material reality of the human frame, and yet capable of being ‘as the gods’… a comparison made at both the Garden of Eden (Gen3.5), and at the Tower of Babel (Gen11.6, etc). Thus showing the level of cosmic consciousness attainable by mankind, as well as the higher sources from which human consciousness may have been derived. This narrative was encapsulated in Sumerian mythologies of the gods creating mankind from their own essence (in combination often with clay), and in the creation of semi-divine lineages such as that of Gilgamesh, and in the Bible by the mythologies contained within Genesis in particular.

And noticeably, the deity Shamash (the god of the Sun) is placing the pinecone – which may be symbolic of phi, or the ‘pyramidal’ symbol of the tetractys – into the point of the spine or brainstem where the brain and the body (or energy and matter) meet, at the ‘occipital gate’. (The midpoint between the heavens (12) and the Earth (4) is 8; showing the significance of the Octave…) Thus the stelae’s symbolism links the human body, or more specifically the human spine and brain-stem, to the world tree/axis, or ladder, upon which energies of the heavens ascend and descend. So this narrative may be concerned with some action, or procedure, or course of events in pre-history which finally gave mankind divine status, as ‘homo sapiens’, marking the ascension to becoming spiritual beings; as beings ‘made in the image of God’, or as macrocosms of the universe.

And as a last point, this significance of the spine has some deeper reverberations through history than might be expected; virtually all life-forms on Earth, in the animal/ fish/ reptile/ bird and human classes share the same body form based upon the axis of the spine; and have done so since the Pre-Cambrian Explosion around 574 million years ago, when virtually all the major phyla of animals start appearing in the animal record.

And this 10-25 million years period, a tiny fraction of history, oversaw the introduction of the most stable body-form Nature has ever devised; a head, with organs of perception and breathing, a chest for heat and lungs, a stomach for digesting food and internal organs, two arms with hands and legs with feet, and areas for excretory and reproductive organs at the base of the trunk. All organised along the line of the spine; thus seeing the organisation of all of the advanced creatures of earth as ‘chordata’ – a genus of creatures made of a chord, or spine. Not only is it an essential framework upon which all growth is made possible; but in the simplest terms it represents a cord – a length of string upon which ‘notes’ can be played of varying frequencies; as the length of a string is halved the note is doubled in frequency, creating a new octave. Both Pythagoras and the Chinese experimented with stringed instruments studying this aspect of reality; Pythagoras with a one-stringed instrument, the Chinese with the ‘gu-qin’ circa 500Bc, of similar if not greater sophistication.

(left) A carved stone representation of the ‘sacred geometer’ Pythagoras, with his stringed research instrument among the figures at the right bay of the western entrance at Chartres cathedral.)

The essential Chordata body shape enables the arrangement of organs, and energy centres in like manner – as Eastern theology states the seven chakras of the body are arranged (towards the front of the body) from crown of the head to the base of the trunk (see right for diagram of the seven energy centres / chakras) aligned along the axis of the spine. So we are made in the universal form of a (vertical) axis, with symmetries on both sides of the body, which potentially reflect the Caduceus’ symbol of intertwining energies crossing the central axis at seven points – much like many other of the symbols of antiquity shown earlier, and much like the symmetries of the Tree of Life, from the Sumerian and related cultures. A fact which was surely part of the consciousness of the creators of the symbol.

In the next section concerned with the geometries of cosmic number, we shall take a look at the nature of the measures of the planets of the solar system, as they incorporate and reveal the geometries which underlie them.

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III. THE GEOMETRIC HARMONIES OF THE EARTH, SUN and MOON.

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Life’s material and energetic nature; its susceptibility to such factors in arising within this solar system.

As we noted in passing in looking at the squared circle, the Earth and the Moon are harmonically linked to each other, and the Sun, and other planets, in their sizes, and orbital distances and periods, to an extent which to an impartial observer indicates the action of some unspecified cosmic laws upon these bodies… it might be ascribed to gravity and left at that; and yet this section will examine the possibility that the actual sizes of the Sun, the Earth and the Moon are energetically related, and even derived – ie, as expressions of higher cosmic laws and principles, concluded from the arising and evolution of organic life, these three planets embody together some of the deepest harmonic mathematic relationships possible.

(left) a diagram from Sir Thomas Diggett’s 1559 book on the celestial order of the planets around the Sun, which Diggett asserted was derived from Pythagorean theory…

From the earliest civilizations of the ancient Near East, the Sun’s life-giving powers were recognised as essential to life on Earth. So much so that worship of the Sun was a frequent religious theme in antiquity; so much so that it receives mention in the books of the Hebrew, Christian, and Islamic religions as being misguided religious worship…. Indeed, in religious philosophies of all sorts, Jesus symbolises the Sun, at the heart of life and the cosmos.

So the religions of antiquity recognised the essential role of the Sun in guiding life on earth. Moreover, as we shall see, there may well be some highly significant relationships between just the three main celestial bodies of the Earth, the Sun and the Moon, in particular, and between their sizes and the energetic imperatives indicated by some cosmic# values; at least in the case of the main planets of this solar system, (ie. the Sun, Earth and Moon) which has proven its ability to create and sustain biological life (then able to develop the intelligence required to understand this reality) over billions of years. So it is fair to question whether there are features of the system which are unique to this (miraculous) process, indeed are essential to it; indicating as such an uncategorised relationship between the ‘forces of Life’ and consciousness in the universe, energetic imperatives of reality related to light, gravity, the structure of the atom and other such factors, and the measures and proportions of the solar system planets and their orbits… for by some combination of these unique circumstances conscious life has evolved, and continues to evolve upon Earth; as to whether non-material life or consciousness exists upon other planes, or other planets of the universe, the stars, the Milky Way or the solar system we inhabit, there is no answer that can be given at this time.

Such a worldview or ‘paradigm’ would lend support to the consonance of all the different levels of reality, as (again) asserted by the works of antiquity; providing not an alternative to modern science so much as a corollary from which understanding can be furthered; ultimately the aim of any system of understanding.

But to look at the question of how material Life arose and then survived on Earth within this solar system – and only here – in material terms at least, the list of circumstances on Earth that have been shown to be necessary for life to survive for billions of years has been shown by science to be detailed and long.
For example, factors scientists have argued may have been essential for life to flourish here include; the distance of the Earth from the Sun, in the optimal region where the Earth receives enough heat for life to survive, but not so much that it becomes inimical to life. Scientists call this the ‘Goldilocks zone’, and use the broad parameters of it to assess whether bodies orbiting stars in distant constellations might potentially be home to any forms of life, of presumably carbon-based biochemistry, as all life on earth is, (between the limits of heat and cold that life has proved able to survive here on Earth).

Secondly the Sun is unusual in its isolation; most suns have two or three stars in a star system, for example the nearest system to our planet, Alpha Centauri consists of three stars, A B and C. Without a stable system of day and night life would have struggled to evolve at all, depending as it does on broadly equal diurnal periods for energy reception, and activity (light), and rest and processing of the energies which will be required in the next 24-hour cycle (night). As A.N.Dodd in ‘Interactions between Circadian Clocks and Photosynthesis’ (2015) outlines, plants that require a night cycle would not survive brighter nights, because certain critical plant biochemistry only occurs at night. As can obviously be seen, humans too are organised to survive this way, requiring the sleep and relaxation of the night hours while the body regulates and attends to its energy systems, and produces the energies to be used the next day (usually related to the amounts used in the previous day’s exertions).
The length of a planet’s year (the time it takes to orbit the sun one complete circle in respect to its starting point among the stars), and of a day (the time it takes to rotate 360 degrees on its axis while on its orbital pathway) vary among the planets of the solar system. The length of the day, the 12 solar months, and the year appear to be essential to life on this planet, and are unique to Earth; so Venus for example is not only the hottest planet, but unlike most of the solar system’s planets it rotates in the opposite direction to the Sun, and also takes longer to turn one complete circle on its axis (225 Earth days) than it does to complete one full orbit of the Sun in relation to other stars (223 days) – making its year shorter than its day!
Obviously, Earth has required the stability of the full solar year, as well as the four seasons to provide a rhythm of life throughout the millennia; life has grown and adapted to the seasonal rhythms of the year in myriad ways. Agriculture also is dependent upon the procession of the seasons, though even before then, hunter-gatherer groups relied on the seasons to provide different food-sources at different times of the year.
The seasons have always resulted from the angle of the earth’s poles in relation to the plane of the sun, being as such that the earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees. Without the seasons it is easy to predict that biological diversity would have never evolved so widely, thus endangering the entire biosphere when certain conditions of heat or cold prevailed. Diversity of life and ecological conditions has always ensured greater survival of more of the species in all biological classes.
The presence of an atmosphere is also essential – life can only exist where the atmosphere protects the planet surface from harmful cosmic ultra-violet rays and other particles, such as pour from the centre of the galaxy towards our solar system –as well as maintaining the required (complex) balance of elements in the atmosphere, such as the oxygen, carbon monoxide and dioxide levels, and so on. Scientists believe the central inner metallic core of Earth has enabled the creation of a magnetic field around the planet to protect the evolving atmosphere since life began 3.6 billion years ago. Mars is believed to have lost its atmosphere at an early point in its history, leading to the evaporation of all water molecules on its surface. Beneath that there may or may not exist evidence of rudimentary forms of life. The metallic elements present within the earth’s geology, not unique to earth but not ubiquitous throughout planetary bodies either, are products of the repeated transmutation of elements within stellar and solar supernovae cycles. These elements and compounds have also been essential to the complexities of the evolution of organic life; the human body for instance contains numerous small but essential amounts of such metals, including calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, zinc, copper, lithium, cobalt and more. (While the magnetic density of the planet, with a hot molten core of metal at its centre and outer layers of rock, has also probably been consistently in the range conducive to the survival of life; something only a proportion of ‘life-suitable’ planets will share). Whether complex organic life could evolve in areas of low gravity, such as the Moon at 1/6th of Earth’s gravitational pull is a similarly relevant question. The human body is certainly faced by serious problems when gravity no longer exerts its stabilising influence on the physical frame – as numerous studies of astronauts returning from extended periods in space have shown.

(Regarding the ‘unique’ atmosphere of earth in regard to supporting organic life, it is possible to say that it is not only the earth which has an ‘atmosphere’ – but even the massive area of space within the solar system does too; which protects it, and us, from harmful emissions pouring through space from the galactic centre, composed of a high-density cluster of billions of stars, all emitting high levels of harmful sub-atomic particles. Likewise the expanding solar system’s ‘atmosphere’ results from the solar wind, a brew of solar particles and energies pouring outwards from the sun’s surface at more than one million miles an hour in a gravitationally charged field. The forward motion of the sun’s movement through space creates a similar ‘bow-wave’ of the solar bubble, and a tail behind, both of which protect against the incoming galactic energies of the interstellar medium, in what is known as the ‘heliosphere’.
This extends well beyond the inner planets of the solar system we have usually considered in the past to be the extent of its area, ie out past Neptune (at around 1.8 billion miles/19Au, ie 19 x 93 million miles). The heliosphere extends out past Pluto, at 3.6 billion miles/39Au the Kuiper Belt (3 – 4.5 billion miles/30 – 50Au), a further 12 or so billion miles/160Au to a broad region called the Heliopause, where the forces of the solar wind and the incoming interstellar medium meet in ‘parity’, at a point called the ‘termination shock’. (Although the meeting point is also part determined by ‘particle pressure and magnetic field energy density’ – Wikipedia quoting NASA and John Hopkins University publications on the heliosphere).
This boundary line is effectively the beginning of interstellar space. As mentioned, at the ‘bow-wave’ in front of the system ‘upwind’ the distance is around 7 – 9 billion miles/80 – 100 Au, while ‘downwind’ the point may reach double that; showing the pathway of the solar system as it orbits the centre of the galaxy, and indicating that the solar system does have some sort of atmosphere which is shaped by the Sun’s movement through space. But the relevant point is that harmful cosmic particles from sidereal space and the centre of the Milky Way are limited by the outgoing solar wind (and the sun’s gravitational field) up until this point. . . as the Voyager I and II space probes showed when passing out of the solar system from around 2010 onwards; V1 measuring forty-fold increases in harmful plasma density as it left the solar system, at 119Au (11 billion miles), in June 2012).

So the concept of an intermediate ‘Goldilocks’ zone may even actually apply not only to the Earth, with the Moon, and planets and Sun within the solar system, but also to the galactic system we inhabit; as the solar system is situated at a point on the Orion arm of the Milky Way, (see left) approximately 26,000 light years away from the centre of the galaxy, it has been able to evolve away from the high pressure environment of the central regions of the galaxy, where billions of stars are clustered at its heart – a point already mentioned with regard to the necessary balance of light and dark for organic life, as well as the distance needed for protection from solar particles harmful to life.
Additional magnetic and gravitational forces at work in the centre of the galaxy would be almost certainly equally harmful to life as we know it.
The solar system orbits the galaxy centre at a rate of one complete orbit every 225 million years or so; this is called the Great, or Galactic Year. Some have put forward the theory that the regions of the Milky Way the sun and the solar system pass nearer to in its orbit of the centre of the galaxy as it turns in space has created epochs on earth either less or more supportive to life; so possibly providing one explanation for the extinction of the dinosaurs. While the effects of different galactic regions upon the evolution of life as the Orion arm rotates the centre are unknown, it can be surmised by the sensitivity of organic life to many forms of cosmic energy that the stability of our galactic position has been a central factor in the long evolution of life on earth. So indeed protecting the solar system from other regions within the neighbouring arms of the galaxy which contain supernovae, gravitational instabilities, and radiation which could affect organic life.
This is supported by the assessment of the astrophysicist Andrea Ghez; “The earth is the suburbs compared to the centre of the galaxy. The centre…has a density of stars a billion times higher than our part of the galaxy. The gravitational pull is so much stronger. The magnetic fields are more extreme. The centre of the galaxy is where the extreme astrophysics occurs” … And an article in the Guardian, examining the ‘Whim’, or ‘warm hot intergalactic medium’, states that the regions between galaxies ‘appear to be six times as dense as the surrounding bits of space, and when summed up, these gaseous threads could amount to about 30% of the ordinary matter in the universe”. (Guardian; Astronomers find half the missing matter in the universe, Oct12th,2017). (The propensity for matter to form long filaments has been noted, in space between galaxies and super-clusters of galaxies, within the axon system of the brain, and within structures of mycorrhizae (fungi) within the earth (structures essential to organic life in the role they fulfil).
So the conditions necessary for a planet to evolve material life similar to that on Earth begin to look to be more and more difficult to replicate – and therefore unique – with every further assessment of the circumstances of space within which it is situated; let alone the chemical compositions of the planet itself. (While the vast number of stars, planets and galaxies within the universe mean it is surely likely life has evolved elsewhere too; current assessments are that there are 2000 billion galaxies, each of which contain around 100 billion stars..!)

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In addition to the already mentioned specific conditions necessary for the evolution of life upon the planet Earth, another factor is the existence of the Moon, and its specific size and distance. This is believed to be absolutely necessary for the growth and survival of life due to reasons of magnetic/ gravitational fields existing between the two, (thus the Moon acts to stabilise the Earth’s orbit of the Sun slowing down the Earth’s rotation rate; without the Moon the planet would have shorter days, with resultant drops in the temperature of the Earth). It also creates through gravity the effects of tides within the ocean of the world – something which may have been an essential stimulus to early organic life, which began in the seas, by fertilising coast lines and then receding with the tide, to let early plants and organisms develop and breathe on land. Even today the tides and seasons and lunar cycle are all inextricably linked to the processes of life on Earth. Many if not all life-forms on Earth have body clocks tuned to the cycles of the moon, and the mentioned 24-hour diurnal cycle of the sun.
Some observers maintain that the Moon is ‘the perfect size, shape, density and distance’ in relation to both Sun and Earth for life to exist. . ! And scientists also argue the Moon’s ‘gravitational influence helps to ensure the stability of Earth’s spin axis’ tilt angle’ of 23.5° (the angle of ‘obliquity’) of the planet to the Sun – meaning there has been stability in climate and seasonal terms throughout history. (Ward and Brownlee, Rare Earth; Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe, 2000). Without the constant pull of the Moon the tilt angle would wander in response to the gravitational pulls of the Sun and Jupiter.

The cosmology of the first book of the Bible reflects this reality closely;

“And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and for years.
And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night; he made the stars also.
And God set them in the firmament of the heaven to give light upon the earth … and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good.
And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. . .
So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. . .And God said, Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed, which is upon the face of the earth, and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed. . .” (Genesis 1.14-29)

The emphasis on seeds appears to highlight the unique ability of organic life to create images of itself from its own flesh; as indeed, science can take the smallest sample of any living thing’s DNA and make a new version of it from it. The image of the planets circling through the heavens, amid the ordered courses of the stars in the vast spaces of the universe has from the earliest eras given mankind a sense of the harmonic forces which underlie the physical planes of the universe.
Indeed, in an interesting example of the synchronicity of many religious texts and tenets of antiquity, the ancient Taoist Chinese beliefs (said to be brought from the Heavens by celestial emissaries such as FuXi and his wife NaKua among others) regarding yin and yang closely parallel this biblical passage; from the text ‘The Spring and Autumn Annals of Master Lu Buwei”;

“The origins of music lie far back in time. It arises out of proportion and is rooted in the Great One. The Great One gives rise to the two poles; the two poles give rise to the powers of darkness and light. The powers of darkness and light undergo change; the one ascends into the heights, the other sinks into the depths; heaving and surging they combine to form bodies. If they are divided they unite themselves again; if they are united they divide themselves again. That is the eternal way of heaven. Heaven and earth are engaged in a cycle. Every ending is followed by a new beginning; every extreme is followed by a return. Everything is coordinated with everything else. Sun, moon and stars move in part quickly, part slowly. Sun and Moon do not agree in the time which they need to complete their path. The four seasons succeed each other. They bring heat and cold, shortness and length, softness and hardness. That from which all beings arise and in which they have their origin is the Great One; that whereby they form and perfect themselves is the duality of darkness and light. As soon as the seed germs start to stir, they coagulate into a form. The bodily shape belongs to the world of space, and everything special has a sound. The sound arises out of harmony. Harmony arises out of relatedness. Harmony and relatedness are the roots from which music, established by the kings, arose.”

(Quote taken from David Tame,p.39, The Secret Power of Music. Lu BuWei was a merchant, political adviser, chancellor, and regent of the Qin state, and following the banishment and exile of his later years, a philosopher and poet until his death, circa 239Bce).

The eight or nine planets of the inner solar system are spaced around the Sun in what are highly predictable and ordered orbits, which mostly follow the same direction of movement around the Sun, upon virtually the same plane, (the ‘ecliptic’) for the most part, thus forming a ‘disc’ basically, it has been an aim of scientific study since the 16th century to find any simple harmonic relationships between the different planets’ orbits. The law (or rule) of Titius-Bode (from 1715 and 1766 respectively) states that with each successive planet moving outwards from the Sun, these occur at predictable distances, measured by the ‘semi-major axis’, which means the distance from the planet to its maximum orbital distance around the sun along the relevant longest diameter of its orbit. The theory stated that the spacings followed the general doubling – as found within the octave – beginning from Mercury outward, so that Earth is twice as far from Mercury as is Venus; likewise Mars is twice as far from Mercury than Earth is, and so on. Modern theory states that there is not significant proof for the Titius-Bode laws, which have thus been largely forgotten since the start of the 20th century, barring some proposals of their potential to describe solar systems in other regions of space…

In some respects the works and mathematical theories of the Greek mathematician educated in Egypt, Pythagoras, were based around both the courses of the planets in the heavens, as well as the musical mathematics of the halving or doubling of energies within the octave. David Tame argues that Egyptian drawings of the sun’s rays reaching down to earth (Akhenaten’s symbol, as well as the Sumerian/ Assyrian/ Egyptian winged sun disk shown below) were representations of these groups of tones, and as such were most often shown in groups of 7, or 12 or 13 etc, (Tame, p.212).
It is also possible to interpret the symbols shown as follows; firstly, where the rays’ tips are depicted with serpent’s heads was to encode the complex symbology associated with the ‘serpent’ or ‘lion’ energies of the sun, as well as indicate the pathways (the ‘dragon lines’) the solar energies take through the earth’s surface as part of life’s processes. (And additionally the winged sun disk similarly points visually to the importance of the different geometric relationships created by the various square roots of 2, 3, 5 and so on, values which underlie many aspects of sacred geometry and cosmic number).

(left); Akhenaten and Nefertiti bas-relief, with sun’s rays as serpents.

The ‘music’ Pythagoras deemed to be at the basis of the creation of matter within the material universe was called by him the ‘Music of the Spheres’… As with the Chinese text quoted above, the belief was that each celestial body had its own position and level within the whole Creation, and possessed its own characteristic tone. This tone is not one which can be heard, but is composed of sound waves, or vibrations nonetheless – another way of describing the tone might be to say each planet has its own individual vibrational frequency – created presumably by its size, density, materials, energies, and so on. This conceptual view is symbolized by (but not restricted to) the movements of the planets through space in their connected pathways; and each planet’s particular ‘note’ is subject to differences in its basic tone according to the time of the day, of the year, the inter-related positions of the planets, phases of the sun, and such – much as the human heartbeat varies periodically throughout the day and night (and other time periods). This ‘music of the heavens’ is reminiscent of the ‘Word’ as described by St John in the Bible, the outpouring of energies from the source of Creation in harmonic patterns, creating octaves of notes (each with their own inner-octaves) throughout the levels of reality; as Ouspensky stated, this points to the significance of the Law of Seven in all studies of reality. Something which is found to be relevant in cosmic energies such as light, sound, the periodic table of chemical elements, and so on.

In considering the overall structure and well-ordered nature of the solar system and its planets, as well as the fact that life has arisen upon our planet for around 3.6 billion years, it is likely that some form of positive harmonic relationship existing within the system has enabled life to grow in synchronisation with the physics of sunlight.
The apparent uniqueness of material life as seen on Earth would therefore seem to be connected to the physics of the Sun, the planets, and light. Having noted that there is no proven discernible relationship between the different planets’ orbits, well-spaced though they are, it might be of use to recall that in the Ray of Creation described by Gurdjieff and Ouspensky, the steps or levels of energy existing (within the solar system) downflowing into matter (after Do- Si -La) are; Sol – Fa – Mi – Re ; or Sun: Planets: Earth: Moon. The Ray of Creation showing the full Octave or Seven ‘notes’, as described in In Search of the Miraculous by Ouspensky, is shown below;

D0 – the Absolute / All Galaxies
SI – Sidereal space
LA – Lactae, the Milky Way
SOL – the Sun.
FA – Fatae, the Fates, or planets
MI – Microcosmus, the Earth
RE – Rhea/ the Moon
DO – Absolute matter / inertia.

The Absolute may be viewed as the ‘World Tree’ then, a symbol of everything existing, comprising a main trunk, boughs, branches, stems, twigs, leaves, roots and so on…
Each level is an essential link in the chain of existence, while the levels immediately above are particularly relevant for providing the energies of the cosmos in an acceptably modulated way; or in another metaphor, each level serves to reduce the Absolute’s energy levels in gradated steps (which is why the Octave is so important for understanding cosmic processes, according to Gurdjieff), as energy becomes more ensconced in matter, and matter becomes energised in the process. So to assess this solar system, it becomes clear that the planets perform some essential function(s) in transforming the energies of the Sun upon which the Earth depends… a paradox, and yet possible also.

So consideration of particularly the three planets of the Sun, the Earth, and the Moon (as representatives of different discrete ‘levels of reality’), while not ignoring the significance of the other planets of the system, may well be of value in attempting to understand the dynamics of the solar system’s harmonic relationships existing between these three bodies, something we will see is well beyond the laws of chance or coincidence.

In addition to this point, it is possible to consider things a little further thus. . . that from the formation of the Sun onwards and outwards, that it is possible that not only the distance, but the actual size of these planets including the Sun, or the ratios between, them are relevant factors in the creation of circumstances preferable for life.
From a Western ’scientific’ viewpoint, the perspective might be that having found a system with the right proportions and relationships such as ours displays, life then arose as a natural circumstance. Eastern, or ‘esoteric’ philosophy might agree with the basics of that view, while also maintaining that life, as a manifestation of the highest energies of the cosmos, may have created the circumstances necessary for its arising, according to mathematical principles inherent in both energy and matter; ie higher dimensional energies shaped the material dimensions of the solar system in order to be able to evolve further into matter – this is much the view of the Bible also in depicting the creation of the sun, the stars, the earth and the moon, according to God’s will, and through the actions of his Word, or logos. Which of the two views is right – or perhaps both are – is essentially a matter of opinion. So, bearing in mind that the circumstances necessary for life to develop and evolve on Earth were so ‘individually unique’ in this solar system, does this possibility show significant factors within the size and relationships between these three key bodies?

—————–SIDEBAR———————

There is no physical evidence for any kind of biological life on any other planet ever studied by mankind – admittedly the minutest of fractions of the potential number of galaxies, stars, planets, and moons within the observable universe; our galaxy, the Milky Way, for example consists of around 100-150 billion stars, each with numerous planets and moons within orbit of them; and likewise there are billions of similar sized galaxies within the universe; so a staggering number of possible equivalents to Earth exist. The number of planets being studied via astronomy or even through the activities of space travelling probes certainly make this an incredibly eventful and exciting time for the sciences of astronomy, physics, biology and so on.*

• (One related subject of interest is that of how to enable humans to withstand the rigours and inherent problems of decades-long space travel, if missions are to be sent beyond the boundaries of the solar system, towards the nearest stars (4.37ly being the nearest, Alpha Proxima/ Centauri, ie c.26,000 billion miles). It is possible that the solution to decades of relentless space-travel is most probably going to be solved by advances in the area of android technology, along the lines of self-repairing (teams of) robots skilful enough to be able to effect tests/ repairs on any damaged or faulty sections of the craft – as videos of robots able to run obstacle courses and do back-flips and dancing, etc, would indicate are possible – and be able to ‘switch off’ and recharge for 23 hours per 24. In this way they would be able to fulfil functions and communicate with Earth at certain hours… the difficulties and resource-demands of needing to feed, protect the health of, and provide a breathable atmosphere every second of the journey are in this scenario greatly reduced.
  The main question is whether these systems of artificial guidance etc can be recharged with available resources from within the craft or local environment of space for the periods of travel which would be measured by decades, considering the vast distances of space, even within the solar system. But the idea of humans spending more than a year or more on a small space craft is, realistically, unlikely if not impossible for the foreseeable future.
  It is puzzling that the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh, from 2800Bce or earlier, has the prescient inclusion in one of the first mythic works of literature in history, not one, but two, maybe even three ‘conscious/ non-human’ beings which could be called ‘cyborgs’, or ‘robots’; there is the machine-like ‘terror’ the Guardian of the Cedar Forest, Humbaba/ Huwawa, who Gilgamesh and his friend Enkidu fight and destroy, thus angering its creator, the ‘Lord of Command’ (of Earth) Enlil; and there is the ‘Wild Bull of Heaven’ (sent down by Anu from the ‘heavens’ to punish them for this plus disrespecting his daughter, Inanna), for which many possible interpretations exist, (including the ‘mighty’ Sumerian/ Assyrian deity Ninurta, (believed to have been the inspiration for the first king of Babylon Nimrud, who was a ‘mighty hunter before the Lord’, and a bloodline- great grandson – descendent of Noah, in Genesis10.8-10). Ninurta is actually addressed as ‘the Wild Bull of Heaven’ by one of his fellow Anunnaki in the myth ‘The Return of Ninurta to Nibru’, lending support to the idea the Bull of Heaven is clearly not a normal living bull but representative of something celestial, for example the zodiacal ‘house’ of Taurus, (while the epithet is also used in regard to Enlil in one or two texts); and there is Puzur-Amurru, the ‘cybernaut ’ (or guide) who Utnapishtim entrusts the guidance of the Ark to when the Deluge begins and the hatches of the craft are sealed, (the ‘helmsman’ is possibly a metaphor for the separation which exists between the deepest instinctive levels of the subconscious, and the conscious mind – ie in everyday life the instinctive functions are ‘given over’ to a separate part of the brain which is highly difficult to influence or change; and in survival situations an injured or traumatized person who is unable to think coherently (or even remember the date, where they are, even who they are…) may still act purely on ‘instinct’ and hence survive – this is explored in more depth in the Gilgamesh section). Puzur-Amurru means in one interpretation the ‘Pilot of the West’; perhaps giving meaning to his name in terms of the difference throughout history whereby the West has symbolized, embodied, or represented technological or material knowledge, and the East spiritual or inner-knowledge).
  It also points to the idea that nearly all depictions of ‘lower’ functions, or beings – such as Enkidu – are representations of people sui generis whose inner being is at the level of the ‘mechanical’ lower levels of physical/ instinctive being. (Hence the lapse into sullen insults and negativity the ‘wild-man’ experiences when struck down with illness as sentence of death passed on him by Enlil and the council of the gods). Humbaba too, as such, represents in one sense the lowest state of people who are ‘slaves’ of (negative) impulses, emotions, appetites and inner-dynamics they have little awareness or control of… he too reverts to insults, invective and threats during the fight with Gilgamesh and Enkidu.

As we see in the Gilgamesh section, the deity Enki, who helped Utnapishtim survive (whose name means ‘of the fish’ from PIE ‘peysk ’, ‘piscine’ etc; as with the deities depicted as or with serpents, or with fish scales etcetera throughout antiquity, meaning essentially ‘of the reptilian centre’) was the Lord of the South, or Abzu (the subterranean waters/ depths, which held several metaphorical levels).
Enki as such represented of the three main gods of Sumer the stomach level of the body, the instinctive, physical centre concerned with survival, as well as genetics and reproduction etc (hence the entwined serpents of Enki, Ningishzida etc of Sumer are identical to the intertwined helices of DNA – with which both deities were concerned in their separate ways with the creation and fertility of organic life ; as well as the Egyptian and modern emblems of serpents connected with medical matters). As with the ‘pythonesses’ of the Delphic Oracle, Enki/Ea represented the intuitive wisdom of the instinctive centre, also known as the ‘reptilian centre’ in the broad division of the areas of the brain into one, two or three- brained systems; reptilian, mammalian, and human, a division symbolized in the Sumerian mythology of the Anuna whereby the three areas of the Earth with relation to the night skies were divided between the father Anu and two sons Enlil and Enki – Enlil (Lord of the Skies/ the northern constellations), Anu (Lord of the Equatorial constellations), and Enki (Lord of the Southern constellations/ regions/ the Ab-zu).

This conceptual ‘tri-partite division’ of the world is noted, by various academics* in Sumerian mythology, as possibly being the precursor of the Biblical narrative of the tri-partite nature of the cosmos, as well as the division of the world between the three sons of Noah after the Deluge; and is between Anu, the ‘father of the heavens’, and his two sons Enlil (the ‘Lord of Command’ of the Earth), and Enki (the ‘Lord of the Apsu’, or ‘subterranean waters) *(for example, from Aino Hatinen’s 2021 book ‘The Moon God Sin …’, p.136, citing Galter1983). Concomitantly, the night-skies were divided into three ‘Ways’, or ‘bands’ (‘harranu’) in works such as Old Babylonian astronomical treatises of the stars.
(Indeed, in Genesis28.10-19 the Hebrew patriarch Jacob is directed by his parents to travel to Haran – an area of northern Mesopotamia linking the lineage of Abraham to Akkad as well as the more southerly, Sumerian ‘Ur of the Chaldees’, which was the birthplace of Abram and his wife Sarai – to go to the family of his mother’s father, Bethuel to find a wife from their Hebrew/ Semitic relatives; thus from their tribal bloodlines who settled there immediately after the Deluge (Gen11.1-10). Bethuel means ‘the house of God’, while Haran the town means ‘the road’ or ‘crossroad’, and is cognate to the Babylonian ‘haranu’ meaning the same, with the city’s name itself containing different metaphorical meanings, in terms of astronomical, geographical, cultural, and other ‘key cross-over points’.)
These bands or ‘Ways’ were used, says Hatinen, “to describe the motion of celestial objects during the year and to identify the location of celestial objects… these paths run between the eastern and western horizons… Among other sources these celestial paths are found in the Mesopotamian astrolabes, as well as at the beginning of the MUL.APIN” (op.cit, p.136, citing Horowitz, 2011/14, etc).
Likewise found in various Babylonian prayers, as well as works of astrology, the ‘Ways’ were those of Enlil (from the North Pole > 17°N), of Anu (from there to 17°S, thus meaning his zone encompassed the Equator), and Enki, (the South, from 17°S to the southern Pole).
The balancing role of Anu as the ‘father of the heavens’, and as father of the two brothers, may have been why the middle band of the Equator was ascribed to him. Likewise that Enlil was given the Northern way, plus considered the ‘lord of the Earth’ indicates his (celestial) role as overseer of the ‘destiny’ of the planet and mankind. His ‘sphere of influence’ was the Earth, but the highest aspects of it, therefore, while Enki in both formulations of the concept was responsible for the ‘waters’, and the ‘subterranean’ sphere. In metaphorical or conceptual terms therefore Enlil may have represented the mind, and intellect, Anu the heart and emotions, and Enki the body, the concerns of the self, and instinctive intelligence and intuition; (one reason why Enki perhaps achieved considerably more personal connection than Enlil, with both the other Anuna ‘gods’, and with humanity).

This threefold metaphor can be extended to mind ; heart; and body, a division reflected in the actions and roles of the three primary (male) deities of the Anuna. Enlil’s emotionless dedication to upholding the standards and laws of the heavens in his dealings with mankind certainly reflect his ‘impartiality’ in this respect, for example in decreeing mankind not be warned of the Flood beforehand – a facet of his ‘impersonal’ role which caused considerable upset to the many other deities of the heavenly tribe, with their loyalties and attachments to humanity and the peoples of Sumer, especially in the areas for which they were the individual ruling deities, such being the case in many cities and settlements.

This allocation of roles extending from the heavens, to areas of the world, to aspects of the human being, not only reflects the multi-levelled nature of Sumerian/ Anunnaki symbolism, but also goes some way to explaining the equation of Enki with the Hebrew mythology of the Serpent in Genesis…
And the conflict is parallel to the tensions between Enlil and Enki that are shown in the story of the Flood in Gilgamesh. This role of Enki may thus be perhaps why the serpent of Eden (created probably with reference to Enki/ Oannes) is punished for ‘giving’ humans the knowledge that would enable them to ‘be as gods’ (Genesis3.5), as Enki/ Ea, and his Babylonian version Oannes were both deities concerned with giving humanity wisdom and technology, ie the establishment of civilization.

It is also a remarkable circumstance that the Epic of Gilgamesh, this earliest of works of art, from an era before virtually any machines whatsoever existed, circa 2800Bce, raises the concepts of celestial/ human hybrids, creations of the gods; proto-humans of great strength being given consciousness and civilization; deities intervening to protect humans such as Gilgamesh, Enkidu and Utnapishtim against celestial beings/ events; beings created by the gods for non-human purposes or agendas (Huwawa/ Humbaba the robot, the hybrid ‘scorpion-men’ at the gate of the Divine Mountain, Puzur-Amurru the ‘cybernaut’/ helmsman, and so on); ‘celestial’ beings such as Siduri and Urshanabi; humans such as Utnapishtim being granted immortality after the Flood; a boat or craft which carries its owner across the Sea of Death’ (space?) to the ‘Far-away’ (possibly the ‘afterlife’, or ‘underworld’ – or perhaps Saturn, as a celestial place of judgement) located at the ‘confluence of the rivers’…

So this is a complicated and strange narrative, created (in various versions) in the ‘era of the gods’ between c.2,800-900Bce – the Anunnaki – establishing their societies, the first true civilizations, on earth. And the epic’s early origins, in tandem with its themes of certain humans attaining the highest possible levels of consciousness, fit into all the other similar indications from the period that higher forces played a central role in the establishment of human civilization – both in Sumer, and elsewhere across the continent of Asia.

To return to the question of the three bodies of the Sun, the Earth and the Moon, from a point of view incorporating both traditional and modern perspectives requires a non-scientific framework which asserts that all the parts of the solar system, and indeed the universe, are connected in unexplored essential ways.

The view of the Universe as a living, evolving, inter-related system of separate but connected, interacting parts is encapsulated in the symbol (given by Ouspensky from Gurdjieff’s teaching) whereby the material universe is likened to a Tree of Creation (the totality), in which the Absolute (Do) is the totality of everything existing; the anchoring roots beneath the soil are the ‘abyss’ of unmaterialised energy, the main trunk is the aggregation of galaxies (Si), from which the larger branches stem into the level of galaxies, such as our Milky Way (La); from which further boughs develop of individual stars, ie. suns, such as our own (Sol); which create their own solar systems; the planets (Fa); the Earth (Mi) and the moon which is a satellite of the Earth (Re) – and thus to the end-point of the Ray (Do), beyond which energy plays no part, being encased entirely in ‘lifeless’ matter. . .the Moon in this symbol therefore is the place of densest matter, and least energy along the continuum from top to bottom. A place of lifelessness slowly receiving the energies from Earth with which it will hopefully grow in the long-term future across the aeons. This helps explain the role of the moon – and perhaps all moons – in magnetic/ gravitational relationship to their ‘parent’ planet.
So in the what might be called pre-science cosmology – but can also be called a parallel conceptual framework, and completely compatible with the findings of modern science – the Earth and its Moon sit at the end of a branch on the Tree of Creation, far removed from the purer energetic processes of the larger sections, and higher dimensions they represent also in their unique character. As can be deduced, this conceptual framework ascribes different natures to different zones of the cosmos – primarily in energetic terms.

With regard to examining the relationship of two of the lowest levels of the Ray, namely Earth and its Moon, putting aside for a moment the complex details of the energetic relationship described by Ouspensky and Gurdjieff, it is possible to simply compare the sizes of the two, and in doing so create a geometrical glyph or symbol which highlights some of the energetic relationships at work in the creation of the two planets.

This diagram, first brought to attention in modernity by John Michell in his book City of Revelation, offers a close-up view of the related sizes of the two bodies.

EARTH AND MOON;

AB = 3960 miles (Earth/radius)
BC = 1080 “ (Moon/radius)
BD = 2160 “ (Moon/diam)
AC = 5040 “ (Earth/radius + Moon/rad)

AD = 6120 “ (Earth/radius + Moon/diam)
EB = 7920 “ (Earth/diam)
ED = 10080“ (Earth/diam + Moon/diam)

RM = 2880 “
PR = 2160 “
MP = 3600 ”

Beginning with just the inner circle, the Earth at first, we can obtain a square of equal diameter, and a circle of equal circumference to that.

The radius /diameter of the Earth being 3960/7920 miles, a square of equal diameter will = 4 x 7920m = 31680 miles. For a circle to have equal circumference to this square, it must have a radius of 5042 m. (circumference/2 π). And incredibly, as the Moon is of radius 1080/ diameter 2160m, a circle drawn through its centre from Earth’s centre will have radius of 5040 miles – just two miles difference…!

=> earth radius + moon radius = 3960 + 1080 = 5040 miles.

And further to this are the presence of Phi proportions within the geometry of the two bodies; a 90° right angle triangle drawn from the Earth’s radius to the centre of Earth to the moon’s centre, has the following measurements:

earth radius² + earth/moon radius² = hypotenuse² -> 3960² + 5040² = 6410²

The proportions of this triangle perhaps afford us a possible clue as to one of the energetic imperatives affecting the size of each planet, and their orbital rates and distances; the proportions of the golden ratio, Phi. A quick breakdown of the figures gives us these ratios;

3960 – 5040 – 6410m
1 : 1.27 : 1.618
1 : √ϕ : ϕ

Another point to recall, we saw these exact proportions when looking at the angles and dimensions of the Great Pyramid, in terms of its base radius, height and slope (ie hypotenuse); proportions which mirror (or reflect the innate relationships contained within) the Squared Circle in its various details. Such as where a circle of 100 units diameter is equal to a square of 78.6 units length, or Pi/4. Again, providing some indication of the sophisticated geometry / (cosmic) consciousness of the builders/designers, as we examine in the Great Pyramid and Giza section.

This is as follows;

Base – 230.36metres / 755.77′ (ft)
Height – 146.50m / 480.64′
Slope (apothem) -186.369m / 611.44′

Base / height = 377.885’ / 480.64’ = 0.7862 = π /4
Base / slope = 377.885’ / 611.44’ = 0.618 024 = 1/ ϕ
Height / base = 480.64’ / 377.885’ = 1.272 = √ϕ
Height / slope = 480.64’ / 611.44’ = 0.7860 = π /4
Slope / height = 611.44’ / 480.64’ = 1.618 05 = ϕ
Slope / base = 611.44’ / 377.885’ = 1.272 05 = √ϕ

Accordingly the angles of the triangle are phi-related, as 51.82° and 38.18°, plus 90°; the change from decimal 100 to 90° of the quarter circle meaning 61.81-10 = 51.81°, again showing clear similarities to the angles within the Squared Circle.

To return to the Earth/ Moon diagram, to measure the small right-angle triangle formed from the radius edge of the Moon to the radius enclosing square of the Earth – taking the three lines; PR = 2160; RM = 2880, using Pythagoras’ Right Angle Triangle theorem; then PM = 3600.

2160² + 2880² = 3600² (PR² + RM² = PM²)
ie. 3 : 4 : 5 Pythagorean triangle with a base unit of 720.

(All three distances, incidentally, are ‘cosmic numbers’, ie. have particular significance, in the canon of ‘sacred geometry’, across cultures. . . the value 288 as we have seen is said by writers such as Ernest McClain, and Gordon Strachan, and Bruce Cathie, to represent the value of the ‘pulse-beat’ of the universe, its primal creative emanation; which is ‘encoded’ into the Bible as the number of singers and musicians of king David (1Chronicles25.7) present in the Holy of Holies of the Temple of Jerusalem on the day of its inauguration (thus indicating the application of harmonic ratios of notes within sacred music to the ‘music’ of the heavens)… So due to the cubic geometries of the innermost chamber of the Temple, which focus energies at the centre of the cube, as well as the resonances of the 288-harmonic, and the presence of the mysterious Ark of the Covenant, the chamber is filled with a thick cloud of smoke; what the Bible terms the ‘glory of the Lord’ (2Chronicles 5.12-13/2 Chronicles7.1-3).

And as we saw in the section on the Vesica Piscis, and the Ad Triangulum, (and the Sumerian Tree of Life), the value 28.8 units is double the basic 14.4, and each third of every line in the two triangles of the ‘Star of David’ measures 28.8 units, giving 86.6 in full – the percentage of this line to the diameter of the ‘Earth’ circle, and one which connects it with the 864/865 geometries of the Sun, as well as time, such as there being 86,400 seconds in 24 hours; while as noted, one breath per three seconds mean the average human takes 28,800 breaths a day.

Additionally, 3600 is the square of 60, as well as 360 x 10… thus linking the degrees of circles and spheres to the basic measures of time, via the sexagesimal system; 3600 being the number of seconds in each hour – as well as the number of ‘arc’ seconds in each degree of the circle;

• each degree being divided up into 60 minutes, with each minute containing 60 arc-seconds… it was also said in Sumerian mythology to be the period of one year, or orbit around the sun, of the home planet of the Anunnaki, called Niburu. The Niburu ‘year’ was therefore 3600 years long, and was termed a ‘sar’. The rule of the deities of the Anunnaki on earth before and during the creation of mankind and civilization was measured therefore in these periods of ‘sars’, as the ancient King Lists of Sumer show. It is for this reason, plus the functionality of related base-12 systems of counting in dividing up the periods and geometries of the heavens, that the sexagesimal system is therefore so perfect, in uniting the measurements of time and space, on many levels; as ‘gear wheels’ in other words, which link the different ‘rates of flow’ in different ‘levels of scale’ or ‘dimensions of energy’; twelve-fold (duodecimal) in the heavens, and ten-fold (or decimal) on earth.

That the (effectively) first ‘full’ civilization (of mankind’s long journey into settled agrarian communities, of towns, then cities, characterised by complex divisions of labour resulting from (concentrated) crop production, along with all the ensuing developments of mankind) created the sexagesimal system, is one of the best indicators of the higher levels of consciousness which guided mankind’s earliest innovations. And the sources of this wisdom ‘coincidentally’ told the people of Sumer, and onwards, they had come ‘from the heavens’, in order to give mankind the wisdom of civilization, and ‘guide the development of mankind’.

To return to matters at hand – if we examine all the dimensions obtained by this simple but informative geometric analysis of the Earth and the Moon, we can look at a table of the measurements’ harmonic relation to two central factors – 72, and 360;

                  72           360
       -------------------------------     

1080 15 3
2160 30 6
2880 40 8
3600 50 10
3960 55 * 11 *
5040 70 * 14 *
6120 85 17
7920 110* 22*
9000 125 25
10080 140* 28*
12240 170 34

Firstly of note, is the quite incredible synchronicity of these figures, in the fact that all these various combinations of aspects of the Earth and the moon are whole number divisors of both 72 and 360, two of the most significant values in the geometries of ‘spherical’ objects, and space. . .
for example, in the study of the measurements of the Precession cycle – we find that for the Earth to travel 1° of its full period takes 72 years (actually the figure is just under that, at about 71.6 years)

As a fifth of a complete circle the number 72 also occupies a central role in the geometric evolution of Phi – a feature of organic life in both the human body – hence why ‘5’ is the ‘number of man’ in its resemblance to a pentagonal star; as well as in plants in the patterns of their branches, stems, leaves and seeds. This use of Phi in plants (and possibly in the human body) in inherent growth patterns helps to ensure the most efficient ‘allocation’ of biological matter with regard to sunlight, or perhaps the energies of life with regard to the body. . . so for a plant as it grows upwards spirally will try to avoid placing leaves directly over each other, for obvious reasons. But as the leaf pattern grows it will eventually return to the same point, with the optimal distance or number of leaves between the two. And the number between them is very often a Fibonacci number, ie 2,3,5, 8 and so on, (while each full cycle can be equated to an octave, in its return to an identical point).

For example, the pear tree will space its leaves in a spiral with 8 between each pair of identical leaves; this growth pattern, called phyllotaxis highlights the mathematical and geometrical nature of the inner laws of biological matter, and the relationship to the rhythms of music and the octave, themselves based in the mathematics of reality.

The pentagon, composing of 5 equally spaced points has internal angles of 72°, and phi proportions throughout;

From this internal geometry of the pentagon come Fibonacci spirals, based upon the division of 360° by Phi, namely 137.508°(angle b shown above left). So there are many plants – pine cones, pineapples, sunflower seeds, acorn cups, cacti etc – which exhibit the Fibonacci numbers within their growth patterns.

– the resulting repeating growth patterns in plants follow a Phi spiral from the centre outwards, Phi being shown in the sequence of numbers; 0,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89, which the plants exhibit in the number of spirals running in both directions.
Related to this closely are the geometries of the Flower of Life, a hexagonal symbol consisting of concentric sets of overlapping circles, namely 1, 7, 19, 37, 61, 91 circles and so on.

Depictions of the Flower of Life have been found from Egyptian sites such as the Temple of Osiris at Abydos, as well as in Assyrian works dating from 645 Bce. One of the first western artists to study Fibonacci numbers and phi was Leonardo da Vinci, who spent much time examining Phi relationships within nature and the human body. Some of his research notes on Phi spirals and the Flower of Life are shown (below). Another example from the Middle Ages is from Chartres cathedral, one of the best examples of ‘sacred architecture’ in Europe ever constructed, built from circa 1194–1220 Ad. This is the Rose Window, (situated above the Labyrinth floor-mosaic, symbol of ‘the journey of the soul’), designed with Flower of Life geometries of the hexagon, and the dodecahedron (twelve-sided figure).

The musical pattern of ‘the cycle of fifths’ in the production of (musical) octaves is closely related to the patterns organic life follows in its growth, pointing to the receptivity of life to the harmonious ‘tones’ of energy found at all levels.

Another example of the importance of the Golden Angle within the geometries of the world’s energy fields is that if you divide 360° by Phi (1.618033) the result is 222.4° – or by Phi² (2.618033) which gives 137.508°, exactly the Golden Angle (thus the two fractions add up to 360). As we see in the Ley-lines of England section, if Giza, at 31.13°E, (the geometric and energetic centre of the continents/land-masses of the world) is taken as the world’s prime meridian, then 137.508 degrees to the west of this lies both the US nuclear laboratory of Los Alamos, New Mexico where the world’s first nuclear bomb was designed; and a few hundred miles south on the same longitude, within the White Sands Missile Range, still in New Mexico, is found the Trinity site, location of the detonation of the world’s first atomic bomb, in 1945. Also within just a few miles of latitude 33.333 degrees N., besides the Three Rivers Road! An appropriate locale for the weapon which encapsulates the powers of the Sun, and the three-fold workings of the atom; while 360/ 3.3333 = 108, the cos# value symbolic of the Moon, with radius of 1080/ diameter of 2160 miles across. So the placings of these sites may well hold some form of inner significance in relation to the planet’s energy-fields, as we consider in the section mentioned. How these synchronicities arose can only be speculated upon…

Of note also is the fact that it is not only the Earth and Moon which are related somehow to the harmonics of 72 and 360; the Sun also shows such proportionality to these key values, as we will look at shortly.

The table examining the propensity of the Earth/Moon radii/diameters/proportions to resolve into harmonics of 72 and 360 also show perfectly the significance of the divisions/harmonics of 22 and 7 we saw are part of the ‘inner’ geometry of the Giza complex and Great Pyramid;

(left) the use of 7, 11 and 14 ratios within the GREAT PYRAMID.

We have seen in other sections how the dimensions of the earth are able to be considered in terms of 2, 3, 5, 7. and 11, the first five prime numbers, and essential aspects of cosmic#, particularly as the ‘generative’ square roots of 2 3 and 5.

So with regard to the diameter of the Earth/Moon circle in the diagram from Michell, we find the following;

2 x 3 x 5 x 11 x 5280 (feet in a mile) / 31680 = 55.
While 31680 / 5280 = 6, which x 55 = 330, which = 2 x 3 x 5 x 11…

Thus 31680 /11= 2880, and /22 =1440, /44 = 720, and so on. And curiously, as 31680/ 2π gives us the original figure of 5,042 miles, when divided by 44 = 114.59; the highly significant and interesting cos# value obtained by a number of means, such as 360/3.14159 (360/π); 141.4/ 1.234 (√2/1.234), 127.3/ 1.111 (√ϕ / √1.23456789); 90 x 1.273 (360/4 x √ϕ); 38.19 (1–ϕ) x 3, and so on.

It can be seen, therefore, that some complex relationships appear to exist between the ‘building blocks’ of the first five prime numbers, and the measures of the Earth and Moon.

This harmonic based character appears to be supported by the figures of Earth’s diameter – when divided thus by the highly significant harmonic of 11, some significant values result;

7920 / 55 = 144
/ 22 = 360
/110 = 72

So already from this study of the distances of the size of the Earth and the Moon, in many aspects, we have discovered the physical dimensions of these two planets are closely related to the ‘energetic’ dynamics, or guiding forces – of Pi – Phi – Pythagorean 345 triangles – the Golden Angle – Fibonacci sequences – octave ‘fifths’ – and ‘spherical geometries’ of 72° and 360° – Gurdjieff and Ouspensky’s Ray of Creation – sacred number proportions and amounts, as well as the importance of the geodetic measure the mile, from Egypt onwards – as found within the proportions of the Great Pyramid, and the Giza complex !

So as a further example of the inter-linked proportions and ratios that crop up in this way,

The measurement of Earth’s radius raises a peculiar feature;
for if 10 x 360 = 3600, then Eq/radius of 3960 = 11 x 360
Likewise the diameter of 7920 = 22 x 360

If the diameter is multiplied by Pi (π) to give the circumference, that gives 22 x Pi = 69.11.
(And 11 x Pi = 34.56). This is the distance in miles of 1° of the Earth’s circumference, at the equator !
ie 360 x 22 x π gives a result of 69.12 miles/per degree of equatorial circumference. . .
And 360 x 11 x π = 34.56 miles per half of one degree, or 1/720 of the earth’s circumference.

This fact again gives support to the centrality of 11 and 22 units in the subject of Cos#, and further, the design and dimensions of the Giza complex, and the Great Pyramid; especially considering the apparent pains the designers and builders of the Pyramid took to make it proportionately 1/43,200–43,300 of the Polar Radius of the world.

And the ‘compatibility’ of the planetary dimensions with the fractions which form Pi, and the sexagesimal circle, gives indication of there being some resonance between material sizes, and energetic principles… in ‘special cases’ such as this solar system, (which has proven requisite for the creation of Life), has been formed embodying such relationships within their material dimensions.

---

There are some incredibly interesting features to the Earth-Moon geometries, as various researchers,
(such as John Michell, Richard Heath, Robin Heath etcetera) have uncovered (in the footsteps of Plato, the Greeks, and the Egyptians in antiquity); so as John Favrineau has noted in his ‘Book of Coincidences’, the two figures of 5040miles (Earth radius + Moon radius) and 7920miles (Earths diameter) can be described as follows-

1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 7 = 5040 = 7 x 8 x 9 x 10

                                     +    7920           (8 x 9 x 10 x 11)              
                                      -------------
                                  =     12 960     =    6 x 6 x 6 x 6 x 10 

                                   =  36² x 10      =    360²/ 10 

Also 3600 / 12960 = 0.27777; which x 3.6 = 1 (!). Additionally, 90/32.4 = 2.777, as 360/32.4 = 11.1111. If we double 1.62 x 2 = 3.24, we then find that 3.24 x (α) 137.035999 = 444, 1.62 x α = 222, and .81 x α = 111. Also that 360 / 1.62 = 222.222; effectively the world’s circumference divided by the Golden Angle (360/ 1.618 = 222.4°).

So while 720 = 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6, (then x 7) = 5040 which = Earth radius + Moon radius ie 3960 +1080m.

This total of 5040 also = 7 x 8 x 9 x 10 while the Earth’s diameter = 7920m, which = 8 x 9 x 10 x 11; this means 11! / 7! = 7920, or the Earth’s diameter…

This is possibly related to the way in which 2.77 is the value in the Tree of Life/ Vesica table as the height of the triangles reduces, from 43.2, to 25, to 14.4, to 8.33 (100/6 /2), to 4.82 to 2.77. This is to one-third of 8.33; so it is one-sixth of one-sixth, or 1/36 of 100; and as with all the figures in the Vesica/ Tree table, is linked to the square root of three – √3 – (1.732/ 173.2) and √3/2 (86.6% of 100), so 2.77 is in 1:2 proportion to the next larger triangle’s hypotenuse, (at 5.55), which itself is in 2:3 proportion to the next triangle’s height again (8.33).
We saw in the Gilgamesh section the importance ascribed by the character Urshanabi, the (celestial) ‘boatman’ to the number of 120; when Gilgamesh destroys the ability of the boat to reach the ‘far-away’ where Utnapishtim (Noah) resides by ‘smashing the stone things’, and ‘picking the urnu snakes’ he is made to cut down 120 poles for propelling the boat instead*.

*(see the section on Gilgamesh and the achievements of Sumer for a consideration of the meaning of these metaphors; the ‘stone things’ may signify crystals of some sort; and ‘urnu snakes’ may signify light-energy or place-specific energy lines, ie solar energies (or ‘lung-mei’ – ‘dragon-lines’ – as the Chinese have called them for thousands of years) that are derived from the points in the Earth’s field where they manifest most clearly. As we examine in the Etymology section, Ur-anna meant the ‘light of the heavens’ in Sumerian, Assyrian, Hebrew, Greek and Latin civilizations, leading to the stem of ‘Or-‘ creating words around the theme of the sun’s ‘arising’/origin, the ‘gold’ of sunlight, and the growth of life from that. The Greek Ouroboros is an apposite example of these etymologies… The first city of history, the Royal city of Ur, said in the Bible to be the birthplace of Abraham, took its name from this celestial theme, meaning effectively ‘the place of light’. The word ‘urban’ today likewise stems from this).

This may represent as 120 the lowest third of energies, (ie. purely material energies) as 1/3 of 360. The value also has significance in being 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 as well as being divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, 24, 30, and 60. When multiplied by 6 it gives 720, then that by 7 gives the radius of the Earth plus the radius of the Moon, at 5040 (miles).
So Earth’s radius /120 = 33, and the Moon’s radius /120 = 9, which break down to 11 x 3 and 3 x 3.
If 11 is divided by 3 the number obtained is 3.66 recurring: a close match to 366.24 as the number of sidereal days in a year (rotations of the Earth within one circuit of the sun – making the sidereal day actually shorter than the solar day by around 4 minutes).

If the diagram is redrawn with the Moon placed within the circle of the Earth, a whole set of new values and harmonics become apparent. As the diagram shows, with the Moon’s diameter of 2,160 miles forming an inner circle, the diameter of the remaining circle (and the square around it) is precisely 3,600 miles, while its radius is 1800 miles…

This is a strong indicator of the harmonic relationships to each other, and to non-material principles the Earth, Moon and Sun possess, principles which look to underlie even the sizes of the three celestial bodies…
As noted, the value of 3,600 is a key measure of both time and space, as there are 60 seconds in 60 minutes in an hour, and likewise traditionally 360 degrees in a circle, with 60 minutes per degree, and 60 seconds in each minute (although now modern practice is to divide the circle into 360 degrees, each of which is then divided in decimal terms of three or more zeroes (ie, ‘thousandths’, etc). The radius of 1800 miles is also significant, particularly when a set of squared circles is drawn from this largest size.

If we recall the section on the Squared Circle, it can be seen that for the circle of diameter 3,600 miles, there can be drawn an Outer square (of likewise radius and diameter), an Equal square which has the same length of perimeter to the circle’s circumference, and an Inner square, whose corners touch upon the circle precisely.

These three squares are in the following proportions to each other;

Inner : Equal : Outer of 1 : 1.11 : 1.414, (meaning that Equal : Outer is 1: 1.273).

This means that three or four values, all central within ‘sacred geometry’, are relevant here. Namely, the square roots of 1.23456789 (1.111), the value of 4/ π of 1.273, (which is not identical to the precise √ϕ of 1.272, but is within close enough range to indicate some form of significant relationship), and the square root of 2 (√2), namely 1.4141….

So what values can be found to be ‘contained’ within this progression therefore?
Firstly, the Outer square has a radius of 1800, diameter of 3600, and perimeter of 14,400 miles. The Equal square diameter will be 2πr / 4; so 2 x 1800 x π = 11,310 miles. The circle of diameter 3600 miles when divided by 360 thus gives the result of 31.4159 miles per degree..! (Reflecting precisely the value of Pi as 3.14159). Dividing the circumference by 8 gives an Equal square radius of 1414 miles; the square root of 2 effectively – while dividing 1800 by 1.414 gives an Inner square of radius 1273 miles – the square root of phi or 4/ π ..!

So the three squares radii are 1800, 1414, and 1273 miles. This begins to show the unique character which the circle possesses, as 1800 is the only numerical value which when divided by 1.273 gives 1414, and when divided by 1.414 gives the value of 1273… this points to the three values relationships within the octave existing between 1 and 2, ie. within the doubling of a frequency of a particular note or frequency. The two tables below show the (curious) inter-relationships for both 1, and 0.9 units when divided by the significant values shown between 1 and 2, ie. within the area covered by the doubling of any value.

Inner octave >< 1 and 2, of 100 units

1/ 1.111 (√1.23456..) = .90
/ 1.234 (1.23456..) = .81
/ 1.273 (√ϕ) = .78 54 (= π/4)
/ 1.414 (√2) = 70.7 (=√2/2)
/ 1.5708 (π/2) = 63 65 (√ϕ/2)
/ 1.62 (ϕ) = .61 72 (1.2345/2)
/ 1.80 (360/2) = .55 5 (90/ 1.62)
/ 2.0 = .50 ie. new octave.

Inner octave >< 1 and 2, of 90 units

0.9/ 1.111 = .81 (10/9)
/1.234… = .72 9 (interestingly alpha = 0.00729 735, or 1/ 1.37035999206)
/ 1.273 = .70 7 (√2)
/ 1.414 = .63 65 (√ϕ/2)
/ 1.5708 = .57 3 (114.6/2)
/ 1.62 = .55 5 (111.1/2)
/ 1.80 = .50 (1/2)
/ 2.0 = .45 (.9/2)

The various ways in which 114.6 is related to Pi and Phi (in particular) include;
360/ 3.14159 = 114.6
90 x 1.273 = 114.57
365 x 3.14159/10 = 114.6 6
114.6 x 1.234 = 1.4141
114.6 x 1.4141 = 162.0 444

114.6/ 3 = 38.19
127.3 / 3.333 = 38.19 03819 03819 (thus 114.6 : 127.3 = 1 : 1.111)
120 / π = 38.19
144/ 120 / π / = 0.3819 = 6/5 /π
38.19 x 3.66 = 140 ; and so on.

A square of radius 1414 is equal to a circle of 1620 miles, (so just over 1618) reflecting the slight difference between the square root of Phi (of 1.272) and in the squared circle (4/ π of 1.273), while again indicating the significance of 1.62, as well therefore as 3.24, (360/ 3.24 = 111.111), 12.96, 25.920 (Precession) and so on..

Additionally in the Earth/Moon diagram, a circle of radius 1414 has a circumference 8885 miles, and of 1273 of 8000 miles. These are equal to the perimeters of smaller squares of 1111 and 1000 miles radius respectively, showing again therefore the 1.273:1 relationship between equal perimeter square and circle, as well as the 1 : 1.111 ratio of Equal : Inner squares, or as this case exemplifies, between 1.273 : 1.414.

(In squared circle series of I:E:O squares to a circle, I : E : O are in ratios of 1:1.111:1.414, making Equal to Outer to be 1:1.273. For corresponding circles, as inside, equal and outer to a square, the series progress conversely as I:E:O in ratios of 1:1.273:1.414, with the equal : outer being in proportion of 1:1.111).

In consideration of the Moon’s dimensions, and the symbol as presented, some interesting measures may be found. As the lines to the left of the inner circle show, the circle itself has a radius of 1800 miles, while from the centre of the circle to the centre of the Moon (ie. 1800 + 1080) = 2880 miles. Again the figure assessed by some researchers as being descriptive in some way of the basic vibrational rate, or signature, of the universe, and ‘encoded’ in the Bible as relevant in the depiction of 288 musicians performing in the Temple of Solomon when the ‘Glory of God’ filled the cubic Holy-of-Holies with a dense cloud… thus perhaps symbolizing allegorically the geometric values and ratios through which energy (of the higher dimensions) represents itself when energising, or creating, matter. While from the earlier Earth : Moon diagram it can be seen that 2160 : 2880 : 3600 are in the proportion of 3 : 4 : 5, (in units of 720).
And the value of the radius of the Earth in total, at 3960 miles can be seen to be 11 x 360, so that the diameter is 22 x 360, and the circumference is 22 x Pi x 360, or 24883 miles. This means that 1° = 69.12 miles, while half a degree, or 1/ 720 of the circumference = 34.56 miles (or 11 x Pi).

Other figures of note can be found in the Moon, of diameter 2160 miles; this means an outer square around the circle of the Moon will be 8,640 miles in perimeter; a close match to the Sun’s diameter of 864,000 miles, which is thus 400 times larger than the Moon per se, (as well as being the number of seconds in a period of 24 hours namely 86,400).

Thus a square equal to the Moon’s circumference will be of radius 848 miles, while a square fitting exactly inside the circle of the Moon will have (at a proportion of 1 : 1.273 to the equal square), a radius of 666.3 miles..! And moreover, a circle of radius 666.6 miles will be equal to a square of radius 523.5miles; a close match to the Egyptian Royal Cubit (so central to the measures and proportions of the Great Pyramid at Giza, built in this way with geometrically and geodetically meaningful measures), which measured 52.36 centimetres. So in the Vesica/ hexagon diagram (below left), each line AB, BL, LM etc measure 50 units; but the arc around the edge of the circle measure 52.36 units between the same points in the circle, with a diameter of 100 units, and circumference of 314.159 units….

In another coincidence which links some of the key measures found within the field of sacred number from antiquity onwards, 8,640 / Pi = 2750; thus relating the values of the A-series of notes on the piano, from 27.5 Hz for A°, and doubling in value with each octave, to the many geometric harmonics of 27.5, 55, 110, 220 ,440 etc found particularly within the Great Pyramid, as well, intriguingly, with the 2.75 spirals within the human ear which determine the range of frequencies humans can hear. These are all signs of how the human body is ‘tuned’ to the frequencies of the Sun, and to the higher energies of light and life, as well as reflecting the inner divisions of the 22/7 of Pi, (ie. 44, 22, 11, 5.5, 2.75, as well as 7, 14, 28, etc), perhaps the central reason for the series’ ubiquity and significance. As an example from antiquity, the Great Pyramid measures 440 Royal Cubits along each base side, (av. 230.4 metres, with the biggest difference between the four sides being only 20 centimetres), as well as being 280 Royal Cubits in height…! Thus a triangle of height 280, base 220, will have an apothem (slope) of 356 Royal Cubits. As such making it to be in relationship of 1.618:1 (ϕ) to the base, and 1.272:1 (√ϕ) to the height…

It is fair to theorize therefore that these many relationships and proportions, taken collectively, begin to point to yet more meaningful synchronicity evident within the inner harmonics of the two planets, as well as the Sun. Something which might be expected of planets which between them and the Sun have enabled the growth of organic life on the Earth; something unique in the observed universe in material terms, as far as is known. In other words Life is indeed a miracle, and one which is only made possible by the dimensions of all three planets concerned, which reflect perfectly the ‘divine harmonies’ found within geometry, maths and physics, etcetera. Without these precisely resonant harmonics sunlight would not be able to be absorbed by living cells, or the earth, or its energies encircle the globe in meridional pathways and ‘energy fields’. And the solar system may well be defined as the one star-system found which is ‘perfect’ in its geometries, as life has arisen there for over 4.5 billion years without any serious interruptions.

Yet equally incredible harmonic and geometric measures/proportions come to the fore, when the Earth, and the Moon, both separately and together are compared with the geometric and physical ratios of the solar system and the Sun.

Firstly, the Sun itself has full integer harmonics of 72 and 360/ 3,600 – with radius 432,000m/diameter 864,000m, the value of 360 divides into the Suns diameter exactly 2,400 times – the key number in the setting out of the Giza complex, according to some researchers (E.Schmidt) – while 864,000 divided by 72 gives the result of 12,000 – relating to duodecimal counting systems, as exemplified in the Bible by the Twelve tribes (Exodus24.4), twelve apostles, twelve months of the year, twelve houses of the Zodiac, the heavenly number given in the Bible as the measure of the Divine City of 12,000 at Revelation21.16/21, and so on. Also in the biblical narrative of the division of the tribes of the ‘united Israel’, into ten of Israel, and two of Judah, after the split during the reign of Solomon’s son Rehoboam – something which relates the 10:12, or 5:6, proportion of decimal to duodecimal systems. In symbolic terms, representing systems appropriate to measuring the world, or the heavens. It is apt in this respect that, as mentioned, π x 6/5, (ie 1.2) = ϕ². Or 314.159 / 6 = 52.36 x 5 = 261.8, with 52.36 being the measure of an Egyptian Royal Cubit in centimetres, while the perimeter of a hexagon of sides of 52.36 units is equal to a circle of diameter 100 units and 314.159 circumference).

For all three related planets, Sun – Earth – Moon, to be perfectly divisible by 360, and by 1/5th of that, 72 shows us a clear relationship between the three bodies that is mathematically meaningful.
So for instance, as we have seen, the diameter of the Earth divided by that of the Moon, gives us 3.66, while the number of days in a sidereal year is 366…
Likewise, the Sun’s diameter – 864,000 miles – divided by the Moon diam. (2,160m) = 400 precisely,
a proportion which is suggestive of the perimeter of the Square/Circle where the square has length of 100 units.
From which √ϕ x π = 4 (or 127.3 x 3.14159 = 400)

It is this ‘coincidence’, that the moon is precisely 400 (!) times nearer to the Earth than the Sun, and 400 times smaller, that gives rise to the phenomenon of the solar eclipse – whereby the moon, passing in front of the sun, occupies the same amount of space in the sky, thus leaving just the bare outline of the Sun visible – the ‘diamond ring’ effect.

Additionally;

the size of the Moon to the Earth is; 7920/ 2160 = 27.322%
the # of sidereal days in 1 lunar orbit of the Earth = 27.322 days.

the # of Earth diameters inside Sun diameter = 865,000/7920= 109.21
109.21 / 4 = 27.30 (109.21/3.997 = 27.322)

And finally; 864 900/ 7920/ 3.14159/ 27.32 = 1.272 360 (~√ϕ) ! Put alternatively;

864 900/ 7920 / 3.14159/ 1.272 360 = 27.32
Sun diam/ Earth diam./ π / √ϕ = Moon diameter as percentage of Earth diameter (as well as the Moon’s orbital period)…! These are incredible figures, with no current explanation.

And as we note in the Vesica Piscis section, if you take the Precession cycle – the period it takes for the Sun to recess around the earth against the background of the stars through the houses of the zodiac is estimated at around 25,920 years. This is called ‘The Great Year’, ie. constitutes ‘one year’ for the sun, marking its 360° circle through the twelve zodiac signs, at c.2160 years per sign.

And if you divide 864,000 / 33.333 (3 x 11.111) = 25,920

(ie the diameter of the sun / 30 x √1.23456789 = P. – the precession period of the Sun as seen from Earth in years. 30 is 1/12 of the 360 degrees of a circle, and is therefore the number of degrees in the night-sky each ‘House’ of the Zodiac occupies. As well as being each zodiacal Age in years, 2160 is ‘coincidentally’ the diameter of the Moon in miles…

Similarly, if you divide the diameter of the sun by 33×10⁴;

864,000 / 330,000 = 2.6181 = ϕ² (alt. 86.4/ 33 = 2.6181)
In fact ϕ² x √ϕ (2.6181 x 1.272) = 3.33 (or 1.11 x3)

Additionally, 33.333/ 20.6 = 1.61810 (ϕ). The significance of this is that it was the length of the Egyptian Royal Cubit in inches. This was a key measurement within the Great Pyramid and Egypt which served to unite the immediate dimensions of the edifice to the universal in discrete and resonant proportions (as did the mile, among other measures and weights of antiquity). As the Pyramid’s height was designed to be 1/11 of a mile (5280 feet), and 1/43,270 of the Earth’s Polar Radius, ie. from Equator to Pole, (although this proportion would be the case whatever measures were used). This is as 5280 x 3,949 (miles) = 20,850,720 feet; divided by 481.8 feet = 43,270… while the Sun’s radius = 432,500 miles by the SOHO satellite programme. Also in this way occupying the midpoint between 432 and 43.3 as in the √3 geometries of the Vesica Piscis, and the Cube and hexagon

Apparently also, the (gravitational) mass of the Sun is almost precisely 330,00-333,000 greater than the Earth; (from NASA/space.com). Of note in the Bible, is the connection between a king called Nahash, and the number 330,000 (as well as to the key value of Pi, as the Nahash serpent is referred to by Jesus at John3.14-15. A conscious linking of Pi to references to the ‘serpent’, as found also in Genesis3.14-15, both of which indicate the reference is to the Ouroboros which stretches around the sphere of the Earth, as representative of the solar energy lines which circuit beneath the globe’s surface. It is in this sense that the Sphinx, possibly the oldest work of conscious art on the planet, and occasionally referred to as the ‘lion of the ground’, looks directly east along the 30th Parallel at Giza to where the Sun rises each day). In fact, the head-dress of the Egyptian rulers and deities with the serpent attached to it was called the Uraeus/Ouraeus was a stylized royal cobra (nagas nagas in India) attached to the front of the headwear. The presence of the Ouraeus denoted the wearer was a sovereign, royalty, or deity, or divine authority, and possessed the powers of the Sun.

The passage referring to king Nahash occurs in the first book of Samuel – in fact it is 1Samuel 11.1 (!);

¹Then Nahash the Ammonite came up and encamped against Jabesh Gilead; and all the men of Jabesh said unto Nahash, Make a covenant with us, and we will serve thee. ²And Nahash the Ammonite answered them, On this condition… that I may thrust out all your right eyes, and lay it for a reproach upon all Israel.

(Upon which the elders asked reasonably for a week to think it over – during which rescue arrived in the form of Saul, Israel’s first king) – of note here is that when the (rescuing tribes were counted, the ‘children of Israel were three hundred thousand, and the men of Judah thirty thousand‘ (1Samuel11.8), making a total of 330,000, (with again, the significant value of 1.118 ‘encoded’, or √5/2…. ) So, in effect, (10 x 30) + (1 x 30) x 1000, or 11 x 3 x 10 000). Numbers which have been assessed as being far more likely symbolic than actual, considering the archaeological record. As we see in the Bible section, this king Nahash has some very possible links to the Nagas, the Eastern cosmic serpents, beings who are concerned primarily with their own unknown (celestial) agenda; much like the Seraphim, the ‘fiery flying serpents’ as described in Numbers 21.6-9 and Isaiah14.29/30.6, who punish the Israelites while being led by Moses in the wilderness, according to the will of YHVH. Further links relate Nahash to king David, and obviously, the Nehushtan to Moses (see depiction left), which he makes at Numbers 21.6-9 to heal those bitten by the Seraphim…the links to the modern medical symbol of the serpent (below) almost certainly derive from this biblical tradition or theme, gaining wider acceptance through the myths and symbols of Greek civilization in particular, with the Rod of Asclepius, the Caduceus and so on probably continuing the serpent symbolism found from the earliest Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and then Hebrew and Near Eastern cultures in particular. Further links exist from the Sumerian myths onwards linking such representations of the serpent to the twin-helix of DNA, and genetics in general. For example the depiction (left) of the Anuna deity Ningishzida, from the Libation of Gudea vase, from the ancient Sumerian city of Lagash c.2,200Bce.

Another related example comes from Deuteronomy33.1-3 where Moses blesses the children of Israel in his last speech before his death, using ‘sun-related’ references to describe God’s love;

And he said, The Lord came from Sinai, and rose up from Seir unto them; he shined forth from mount Paran, and he came with ten thousands of saints; from his right hand went a fiery law for them. 33.3 Yea, he loved the people; all his saints are in thy hand. . . and everyone shall receive of thy words.

(Notice that 333 is also 10,000/ 30, or 1000/3… also the ‘ten-thousands’ reference, relevant as mentioned to the Sun: Moon mechanics in several ways, as one is the source of God’s light, and the other a ‘place of darkness’ to punish the sinful, (as the Ray of Creation indicates the Moon’s lowest place in the higher-dimensional cosmos)… while both fulfil celestial purposes according to their position in the entirety. The phrase of ‘his ten thousands of saints’ was used in both 1Enoch and the Bible as noted. Bearing in mind the complex (often numerical) descriptions of the celestial spheres, as well as the Earth, in 1Enoch, as part of the wisdom given by the angels to Enoch within the work, it may thus as a value be in some way related to the geometries of the heavens, and the Sun in particular….
A passage at 2Chronicles2.2 (!) mentions that ‘threescore and ten thousand men’ (ie. 70,000) were ‘bearers of burdens’, 80,000 were ‘hewers in the mountains’, and 3,600 were ‘set to oversee them’ by Solomon in the building of the Temple; placing the ‘cosmic’ figure of 3,600 symbolically towards the ‘higher organizational spheres’ in such a role…Another curiously apposite passage is to be found at Psalm3.6; ‘I will not be afraid of ten thousands of people, that have set themselves against me round about’… pointing again to the 360 degrees of the circle also, while the ‘esoteric’ Book of Daniel mentions the figure of ‘ten-thousands’ twice, at Dan7.10, and Dan11.12; this latter being a number which has many associations with ‘sacred number’ likewise – while Jude1.14 actually quotes and attributes the words of the book of 1Enoch’ , that ‘Behold, the Lord cometh with ten thousand of his saints’….)

As we have already seen, not only the size of Earth, the Moon and of the Sun are in harmonic resonance with the Cosmic number of 432, but the Speed of Light itself is – so where;

C = 299.79km/sec, the square root √2.9979 = 1.731444 /4 = 0.432 861 x2 = 865 722 (Sun diam. = 864-5,000).

in fact 1.731 444 / 4.32 5 (Sun’s actual radius) = 0.400 333 87. . . echoing the sun/moon 400 ratio, which as mentioned, enables the occurrence of solar and lunar eclipses.
Additionally, according to Alan Butler and Christopher Knight, the moon is rotating at 400 kilometres a day, and the earth is rotating at exactly 100 times more than this, at 40,000 km/day. More examples of the many ways in which the three bodies seem to be linked whether viewed in terms of miles or kilometres. And moreover linking again to the 400/π = √ϕ (127.3), as we have seen in the analysis of the square and the circle.

So in miles, C = 186,282 m/sec. And the √186,282 = 431.6039.

This itself raises further support of the amazing inter-relatedness of the Sun, Earth, and Moon’s dimensions, as well as the Speed of Light; having seen that –

√3 = 1.732
√2.9979 (C) = 1.731 444 (0.000 555 diff.)
1.731444/ 4.00333 = .432 5 x 1000² = Sun/radius
C/ 1.609 = 186,282 m/s

Additionally;
√186,282 = 431.6039
432 – 431.6039 = 0.3960
0.3960 x 100² = 3960 = Earth/radius

So, 1/1000 the radius of the Sun (from centre to edge) = 432
Minus 1/10000 the radius of the Earth (from centre to edge) = – 0.3960
equals the Square Root of Speed of Light ! = 431.6039

(And a little less relevantly perhaps; 186,282 x 86.4% = 160,947. 648 [m:km = 1:1.6093. Whether the scientists of the French Republic knew of the fact their chosen length for the kilometre in relation to the mile was considerably close to Phi value of 1.618, so that 1609km = 1000miles, or 1618 km = 1005 miles, is uncertain, but a point of interest).

All these relationships point to some energetic source for the material dimensions of these three planets; not for all stars and associated planet systems, but in respect of our assessment of this solar system as being – despite being ‘lowly’ placed on the Ray of Creation – a very advanced evolution or ‘embodiment’ of energetic principles (for some reason, which is why such systems are, as far as we know, extremely rare in the ‘statistical mass’ of planetary systems…)

The Great Pyramid is situated at approximately – 29.9792°N / (31.134°E) – there are more Speed of Light (C.) relations to some of the most significant numbers we have found in the study of sacred sites, and cosmic phenomena;

So 186,282/ 3600 = 51.74 = angle of Gt Pyramid to within 0.05 of a degree.
Possibly related, the Escape Velocity of Earth is 11.186 km/s, which may be closely related harmonically to 111.81;

186,282 / 111.81 = 1666.058 (ie.10⁴/6) or more simply 1/6 = 0.1666
Additionally, 186,282 / 1,666.5554 = 111.77 666 22 099 (!)

Considering that Phi is deeply connected with the growth of all organic life on Earth, and to Pi via the 6/5 harmonic, and the production of the Hexagon from the Vesica Piscis, these relationships clearly point to some deep connections between Phi, the √5 (2.236), hexagonal geometries of space and matter, and of course, the Speed of Light.

All these factors point to the interconnectedness between the planets’ proportions, and the speed of light; (and the position of the Great Pyramid on the Earth’s surface – and its transformational, consciously designed structure) as well as indicating the importance of these geometries, and energy processes in the cycle of the planet’s absorption and refinement of higher energies, for the various processes of life upon the planet.

One last fact to raise is that the circumference of Earth, 24,881m divided by 432 = 57.6; part of the inner geometries of the Vesica Piscis and so the inner triangles sub-divide the hexagon into lines of length 14.43, 28.86, 43.3, 57.7, 72.17, and 86.6, units.

To recap the measurements of the Vesica Piscis central area symbol;

AB = 50
AE = 25
AC = 28.8
AD = 50
AM = 100
AL = 86.6
CL = 57.7
AG = 25
CE = 14.4

Other measures include; GC = CE = 14.43 equals the basic side length of the 72 equilateral triangles which constitute the hexagon;
AC = CD = BC = 28.8 6, BF = 86.6 (ie, 6 x 14.43), BE = 43.3 as half of that, GE = ED = 25, and BN = AM =100.
It can be seen that as AG = 25 = 86.6% of AC or AE, as a height: hypotenuse ratio of each equilateral triangle, so a triangle of 12.5 units height (half of AG or AE) has a hypotenuse of 14.4 units, ie CE; while as AE = 25 height, AC = 28.8 hypotenuse. (As noted, AB along the circle’s perimeter = 52.36 units, in contrast to 50 units straight line).

The hexagon of the circle divides into exactly 6 triangles (equal in size to the two within the Vesica; each of these six triangles has 12 ‘sub-triangles’ within it (12 half-triangles and 6 full ones), making a total of 72 for the full circle.
Each large triangle in the Vesica ABD, BDL, DLM, MDN etc) can be divided with lines from each corner to the mid-point of the opposite line (BCE, GCD, etc). The midpoint where these three lines meet (C) is at a point where each line is divided into 1/3 and 2/3 sections. So that of the GD 43.3 height triangle; (GC)1/3 = 14.43, and (CD) 2/3 = 28.86 units.
This is the basic unit of the hexagon, and the triangles which form it; and 14.4 and 28.8 are key numbers in sacred geometry (or as 144/288), with the centrality of the two values shown by their symbolic significance in the Bible, particularly with reference to the singers and musicians present at the consecration of the Temple of Jerusalem, at 1Chron25.7/1Kings8.10/ 2Chron5.12-14, 2Chron7.1-16, where the Holy-of-Holies was built upon the geometries of the Cube, sited exactly over the ‘navel of the world’ as one of its major omphalos-points, with the entire site’s design contained ratios relating the different parts of the Temple to the musical intervals of ‘the octave, the fifth, and the fourth; the perfect consonances of the octave’, as G.Strachan describes in The Bible’s Hidden Cosmology p50-51). Indeed Strachan cites Ernest Maclain’s argument that 288 as a number was closely bound up in the Temple’s design, along with 144 and 72, because they were frequencies found to be related to the primal creative sound of the cosmos, the Aum – or as various other words were used to describe it, in the Egyptian, Chinese, Indian and Hebrew civilizations. It is notable that if the human body takes one breath every three seconds, then the average number of breaths per day we take is 28,800…ie 86,400/3.

That each unit within the Vesica measures 14.43 units is a reflection of the small difference between the 86.6% length of the Vesica to the circles, and the 864 harmonic which is also a key cos# value for various reasons, such as there being 86,400 seconds in a day.

To conclude, it is fair to assert that the figures and values examined in this section point to some incredible harmonic relationships existing between the three relevant bodies of the solar system considered – hence the focus of many of the astronomic studies of the eras of antiquity; the Egyptians, the Babylonians, the druids of Celtic Europe, all devising sophisticated architectural ways of incorporating celestial dimensions into earthly buildings, as well as locating sacred sites according to geodetic principles related to the stars and planets as well as the Earth and the Moon… Shaping the ‘built environment’ in ways which harmonised the spheres of human activity, nature and the cosmos as perfectly as possible. This enabled the strongly occurring energies of the Sun and cosmos to be refined through the structures of each site, explaining why such sites were always considered to be ‘wells’ or ‘fountains’, from which the subterranean energies of life could be drawn up to ‘water’ the land and the people. (And where often, in what is clearly a meaningful correlation, they were located directly above underground water-courses; believed since the earliest times to be never-ending conduits of the planet’s life-force). It is no surprise therefore to find that even after thousands of years such sites were chosen as the place where the highest expression of western religion and architecture, the Gothic cathedrals, were to be built – directly over the original sitings of what were temples to Diana, or Dionysus, or other gods of antiquity, or even earlier from the Bronze Age when dolmens were located at some of these places.

One of the first examples of sacred architecture on such an immense scale in the early eras of (pre-) history was at the site close to the point where the River Nile spreads out into its delta form in the last 100 miles or so of its 4,130-mile journey from the centre of Africa to the Mediterranean Sea; namely Giza, the site of the Great Pyramid, its several companion and satellite pyramids, the incalculably ancient Sphinx, and so on.

And incredibly, considering the higher consciousness and geometric awareness shown to be at work in every aspect of the Giza complex, particularly the Great Pyramid and the Sphinx, this is precisely at the centre of the world’s continents, on a three-dimensional axis which mirrors the centre-point of a cube; or the Vesica, with its hexagonal geometries. As we shall see, it is highly probable these geometries were at the heart of both the siting, and the design of the Great Pyramid; in what is one of the most mysterious, technologically amazing, and unexplained creations of mankind’s history.
An edifice whose primary functions may be surmised to be (in the spirit of Jacob’s Stone at Bethel in the Bible, and all ‘sacred architecture’) refinement of the earth’s energy fields/ lines at a key/ central juncture, a long-standing monument embodying ‘cosmic consciousness’ from the earliest eras of civilization to the present day, and therefore a motivating and inculcating factor for understanding the potentials of ‘conscious’ architecture, and lastly actually changing the being of those who have regularly worshipped within them).
The central siting contains several elements of wisdom, the most important of which may be the redefinition of the world’s longitudes to Giza as the Prime Meridian, rather than Greenwich England, something which brings to light the geometric array of sacred sites around the world in significant measures to Giza…
These are all points which will be considered in the next section, concerning the works of ‘sacred architecture’ produced in Egypt during the many eras of antiquity.

If you have enjoyed reading this section, and have anything you wish to email to us, to post on the Comments Boards or otherwise, please email to; [email protected] – or James Kovacs at Academia.edu.